BURDEN OF PROOF

kAmy@D9F2 q@852? H2D 3@C? 2?5 C2:D65 :? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D] %96 @?=J E:>6 E96 }6H w2>AD9:C6 C6D:56?E =67E E96 4@F?ECJ H2D 7@C 2 52J 2?5 2 92=7 :? D6G6?E9 8C256[ H96? 96 H6?E E@ r2?252 E@ D66 }:282C2 u2==D]k^Am

kAmtG6? D@[ E92E 5:5 ?@E >62? AC@G:?8 9:D &]$] 4:E:K6?D9:A :? =2DE 72==VD =@42= 6=64E:@?D H2D 62DJ]k^Am

kAm%96 b`\J62C\@=5 2CC:G65 2E 9:D G@E:?8 A=246 :? !@CED>@FE9 2?5 92?565 E96 A@== H@C<6C 9:D 5C:G6CVD =:46?D6[ ;FDE 2D 96 925 5@?6 :? @E96C E@H?D H96? 2CC:G:?8 E@ G@E6] $96 D2:5 E92E H@F=5 ?@ =@?86C 5@]k^Am

kAm%96 A@== H@C<6C D2:5 E92E F?56C E96 DE2E6VD ?6H AC@@7\@7\4:E:K6?D9:A =2H[ H9:49 E@@< 67764E 7@C E96 7:CDE E:>6 5FC:?8 E@H? 6=64E:@?D :? a_ad[ q@852? H@F=5 ?665 2 A2DDA@CE @C 9:D 3:CE9 46CE:7:42E6 3642FD6 96 925 >@G65 2?5 ?66565 E@ C6C68:DE6C 2E 9:D ?6H 255C6DD] p D4C2>3=6 6?DF65[ EFC?:?8 E96 G@E:?8 AC@46DD E92E 96 2=H2JD 7@F?5 7F? 2?5 :?G:8@C2E:?8 :?E@ 2 ?6CG6\HC24<:?8 82>6 @7 362E E96 4=@4<]k^Am

kAmQx 5:5?VE <?@H E92E 2?JE9:?8 925 @77:4:2==J 492?865 H2=<:?8 :? E96C6[Q 96 D2:5] Qp?5 E96? 36:?8 E@=5 E92E x 925 E@ AC@G:56 2 A2DDA@CE E92E xVG6 ?6G6C 925 @C 2 3:CE9 46CE:7:42E6 E92EVD FDF2==J EF4<65 2H2J D@>6H96C6 D276 ;FDE E@ 42DE >J G@E6 — H9:49 xVG6 5@?6 367@C6 — :E H2D 7CFDEC2E:?8]Qk^Am

kAmkDA2? DEJ=6lQ7@?E\H6:89Ei3@=5Qm}2E:@?2= AFD9k^DA2?mk^Am

kAmq@852?VD 6IA6C:6?46 :? }6H w2>AD9:C6 :D 2 8=:>AD6 :?E@ E96 7FEFC6 7@C A@E6?E:2==J >:==:@?D @7 G@E6CD 24C@DD E96 4@F?ECJ] %92E :D :7 #6AF3=:42? G@E:?8 =68:D=2E:@? 36:?8 AFD965 288C6DD:G6=J 3J !C6D:56?E s@?2=5 %CF>A A2DD6D r@?8C6DD 2?5 2 QD9@H J@FC A2A6CDQ =2H :D AFE :? A=246 :? E:>6 7@C E96 }@G6>36C 6=64E:@?D]k^Am

kAm%96 $2768F2C5 p>6C:42? '@E6C t=:8:3:=:EJ[ @C $p't p>6C:42 p4E[ 4=62C65 E96 &]$] w@FD6 =2DE >@?E9 @? 2 >@DE=J A2CEJ\=:?6 32D:D] #6AF3=:42?D D2J :E H@F=5 :>AC@G6 6=64E:@? :?E68C:EJ] %CF>A 92D 42==65 :ED D2768F2C5D 4@>>@? D6?D6] %96 3:== :D D4965F=65 E@ 4@>6 FA :? E96 &]$] $6?2E6 7@C G@E:?8 2?5 5632E6 :? E96 4@>:?8 52JD]k^Am

kAm#6AF3=:42? >6DD28:?8 >@DE=J 9:89=:89ED 2 =6DD 5:G:D:G6 AC@G:D:@? :? E96 3:== E92E H@F=5 C6BF:C6 G@E6CD E@ D9@H 2 A9@E@ xs[ 3FE E96 >2?52E6 7@C A6@A=6 E@ AC@G:56 5@4F>6?E2CJ AC@@7 @7 4:E:K6?D9:A E@ C68:DE6C E@ G@E6 :? 7656C2= 6=64E:@?D :D =:<6=J E@ 92G6 E96 >@DE H:56\C2?8:?8 4@?D6BF6?46D] }@?4:E:K6?D 2=C625J 2C6 AC@9:3:E65 7C@> G@E:?8 :? 7656C2= 6=64E:@?D[ 2?5 :E :D ?@E 2==@H65 3J 2?J DE2E6] r2D6D H96C6 :E @44FCD 2C6 C2C6]k^Am

kAm~3E2:?:?8 E96 ?646DD2CJ 5@4F>6?ED F?56C E96 $p't p4E :D ?@E 2D 62DJ 2D :E >:89E D@F?5] p D:>:=2C 677@CE H2D EC:65 :? z2?D2D 2 564256 28@ 2?5 EFC?65 :?E@ 2 56324=6 E92E 6G6?EF2==J H2D 3=@4<65 3J E96 4@FCED 27E6C >@C6 E92? b_[___ 6=:8:3=6 4:E:K6?D H6C6 AC6G6?E65 7C@> C68:DE6C:?8]k^Am

kAmkDA2? DEJ=6lQ7@?E\H6:89Ei3@=5Qmp =@?8 =:DE H:E9 42G62EDk^DA2?mk^Am

kAm#636<29 r2CFE96CD[ AC6D:56?E 2?5 rt~ 2E E96 u2:C t=64E:@?D r6?E6C[ D2:5 E96 =68:D=2E:@?VD DEC:4E 5@4F>6?E2E:@? C6BF:C6>6?ED 4@F=5 >@G6 E96 &]$] Q:? E96 @AA@D:E6 5:C64E:@?Q @7 C6AC6D6?E2E:G6 56>@4C24J]k^Am

kAmQx7 E9:D 3:== A2DD6D[ :E H@F=5 56?J >:==:@?D @7 6=:8:3=6 p>6C:42?D E96:C 7F?52>6?E2= 7C665@> E@ G@E6[Q D96 D2:5] Q%9:D :?4=F56D >:==:@?D @7 A6@A=6 H9@ >2<6 FA J@FC 4@>>F?:E:6D[ :?4=F5:?8 >2CC:65 H@>6?[ A6@A=6 @7 4@=@C 2?5 G@E6CD H9@ =:G6 :? CFC2= 2C62D]Qk^Am

kAm%96 =:DE @7 BF2=:7J:?8 5@4F>6?ED :? E96 $p't p4E 7@C AC@G:?8 4:E:K6?D9:A 2AA62CD =@?8[ 3FE >2?J @7 E96> 4@>6 H:E9 BF2=:7:6CD]k^Am

kAm&?56C E96 3:==[ 2 #tp{ xs \4@>A=:2?E 5C:G6CVD =:46?D6 H@F=5 92G6 E@ :?5:42E6 E92E QE96 2AA=:42?E :D 2 4:E:K6?[Q 3FE ?@E 2== 5@] u:G6 DE2E6D — |:49:82?[ |:??6D@E2[ }6H *@C<[ '6C>@?E 2?5 (2D9:?8E@? — @776C E96 EJA6 @7 6?92?465 #tp{ xsD E92E 6IA=:4:E=J :?5:42E6 &]$] 4:E:K6?D9:A]k^Am

kAm$E2?52C5 5C:G6CVD =:46?D6D[ 86?6C2==J 2G2:=23=6 E@ 3@E9 4:E:K6?D 2?5 ?@?4:E:K6?D[ @7E6? 5@ ?@E :?4=F56 2 4:E:K6?D9:A :?5:42E@C] $@>6 DE2E6D[ :?4=F5:?8 ~9:@[ C646?E=J 25565 E96>]k^Am

kAmkDA2? DEJ=6lQ7@?E\H6:89Ei3@=5Qm|:=:E2CJ xs DE:AF=2E:@?Dk^DA2?mk^Am

kAm(9:=6 >:=:E2CJ xs 42C5D 2C6 =:DE65 2D BF2=:7J:?8 5@4F>6?ED F?56C E96 24E[ E96J H:== ?@E DF77:46 @? E96:C @H?] %96 3:== D2JD 2 >:=:E2CJ xs >FDE 36 244@>A2?:65 3J 2 >:=:E2CJ QC64@C5 @7 D6CG:46Q E92E :?5:42E6D E96 A6CD@?VD 3:CE9A=246 H2D :? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D]k^Am

kAmp ssa`c[ E96 4FCC6?E DE2?52C5\:DDF6 46CE:7:42E6 @7 C6=62D6 @C 5:D492C86 7@C 2== >:=:E2CJ D6CG:46 3C2?496D[ 5@6D ?@E 4FCC6?E=J 7F=7:== E92E C6BF:C6>6?E] p44@C5:?8 E@ E96 !6?E28@?[ E92E 5@4F>6?E @?=J =:DED H96C6 D@>6@?6 =:G65 2E A@:?ED @7 6?ECJ 2?5 5:D492C86 2?5 2 A6CD@?VD 4FCC6?E 9@>6 @7 C64@C5] xE 5@6D ?@E =:DE H96C6 D@>6@?6 H2D 3@C?]k^Am

kAmkDA2? DEJ=6lQ7@?E\H6:89Ei3@=5Qm!@E6?E:2= CFD9 7@C A2DDA@CEDk^DA2?mk^Am

kAmu@C >@DE AC@G:D:@?D[ E96 $p't p4E 4@?E2:?D ?@ A92D6\:? A6C:@5 E92E H@F=5 8:G6 G@E6CD 2?5 =@42= 6=64E:@? @77:46D E:>6 E@ 25;FDE] x7 A2DD65 3J r@?8C6DD 2?5 D:8?65 3J %CF>A[ :ED 5@4F>6?E2CJ AC@@7\@7\4:E:K6?D9:A >2?52E6 H@F=5 2AA=J :>>65:2E6=J[ >62?:?8 :E H@F=5 36 :? A=246 7@C E9:D J62CVD >:5E6C> 6=64E:@?D]k^Am

kAm%92E 4@F=5 =625 E@ 2 CFD9 E@ @3E2:? 5@4F>6?ED 3J E9@D6 H9@ H2?E E@ C68:DE6C @C ?665 E@ C6C68:DE6C] p a_ad &?:G6CD:EJ @7 |2CJ=2?5 DEF5J 6DE:>2E6D E92E a`]b >:==:@? p>6C:42?D H9@ 2C6 6=:8:3=6 E@ G@E6 5@ ?@E A@DD6DD @C 92G6 62DJ 2446DD E@ 5@4F>6?ED E@ AC@G6 E96:C 4:E:K6?D9:A[ :?4=F5:?8 ?62C=J `_T @7 s6>@4C2ED[ fT @7 #6AF3=:42?D 2?5 `cT @7 A6@A=6 F?277:=:2E65 H:E9 6:E96C >2;@C A2CEJ]k^Am

kAmp A2DDA@CE H@F=5 >@DE 67764E:G6=J >66E E96 C6BF:C6>6?E[ 3FE @?=J 23@FE 92=7 @7 p>6C:42? 25F=ED 92G6 @?6[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 $E2E6 s6A2CE>6?E[ 2?5 E96 $p't p4E C6BF:C6D E96 A2DDA@CE E@ 36 4FCC6?E] p? 6IA:C65 @?6 5@6D ?@E 4@F?E]k^Am

kAm~3E2:?:?8 2 A2DDA@CE :? E:>6 7@C 2 =@@>:?8 G@E6C C68:DEC2E:@? 5625=:?6 :D 2?@E96C A@E6?E:2= 9FC5=6]k^Am

kAm(@C<6CD H9@ AC@46DD A2DDA@CED 925 =2J@77D 2E E96 $E2E6 s6A2CE>6?E C6G6CD65[ 3FE =2DE >@?E9 E96 56A2CE>6?E 7@C3:5 A2DDA@CE AC@46DD:?8 2E 46CE2:? AF3=:4 =:3C2C:6D E92E =@?8 96=A65 C6=:6G6 AC6DDFC6 2E E96 56A2CE>6?E] v@G6C?>6?E =:3C2C:6D[ A@DE @77:46D[ 4@F?EJ 4=6C<D 2?5 @E96CD DE:== AC@G:56 E96 D6CG:46]k^Am

kAmxE E2<6D 7@FC E@ D:I H66<D E@ 86E 2 A2DDA@CE[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 56A2CE>6?EVD H63D:E6[ 6I4=F5:?8 >2:=:?8 E:>6] p ?6H A2DDA@CE 4@DED S`ed 7@C 25F=ED 2?5 C6?6H2=D 4@DE S`b_] %96 A9@E@ 4@DED S`_ @C Sa_ >@C6] %96 EFC?2C@F?5 E:>6 42? 36 DA65 FA E@ EH@ @C E9C66 H66<D 7@C 2? 255:E:@?2= Se_ — 2?5 7@C 6G6? 72DE6C AC@46DD:?8[ 255 Saa >@C6] %96 7F==J 6IA65:E65 AC@46DD 7@C 2 ?6H A2DDA@CE 4@DED 2E =62DE Sadf]k^Am

kAmkDA2? DEJ=6lQ7@?E\H6:89Ei3@=5Qmq:CE9 2?5 >2CC:286 46CE:7:42E6Dk^DA2?mk^Am

kAmp 3:CE9 46CE:7:42E6 >2J 36 2 BF:4<6C 2?5 4962A6C 49@:46 7@C >@DE A6@A=6[ 3FE E96C6 2C6 EH:DED]k^Am

kAm%96 $p't p4E C6BF:C6D 2 46CE:7:65 3:CE9 46CE:7:42E6 :DDF65 3J 2 DE2E6[ =@42= 8@G6C?>6?E @C EC:32= 8@G6C?>6?E] (92E 5@6D ?@E 2AA62C E@ BF2=:7J :D E96 46CE:7:42E6 D:8?65 3J E96 5@4E@C E92E >2?J ?6H A2C6?ED 2C6 8:G6? :? E96 9@DA:E2= H96? E96:C 49:=5 :D 3@C?] xE AC@G:56D :?7@C>2E:@? D:>:=2C E@ 2 46CE:7:65 3:CE9 46CE:7:42E6 3FE H@F=5 ?@E >66E E96 =6EE6C @7 E96 7656C2= =68:D=2E:@?]k^Am

kAm{:<6 A2DDA@CED[ 3:CE9 46CE:7:42E6D 42? D@>6E:>6D E2<6 H66<D E@ @3E2:?] %9@D6 H9@ =:G6 ?62C E96:C 3:CE9A=246D 42? G:D:E E96 =@42= G:E2= DE2E:DE:4D @77:46[ 3FE DE277:?8 D9@CE286D 2?5 6D42=2E:?8 56>2?5 7@C #tp{ xsD 4C62E65 D:8?:7:42?E 324<=@8D :? D@>6 DE2E6D] x? }6H *@C<[ E96 H2:E:?8 A6C:@5 7@C 46CE:7:65 4@A:6D :D 7@FC >@?E9D[ E96 DE2E6 D2:5] pG6C286 AC@46DD:?8 E:>6D 7@C @?=:?6 46CE:7:42E6 C6BF6DED G2CJ 3J DE2E6[ 7C@> 2D 76H 2D E9C66 52JD E@ `a H66<D @C =@?86C]k^Am

kAm!6@A=6 H9@D6 3:CE9 46CE:7:42E6D 5@?VE >2E49 E96:C 4FCC6?E xsD — >@DE=J H@>6? H9@ 492?865 E96:C ?2>6D H96? E96J >2CC:65 — H@F=5 =:<6=J ?665 255:E:@?2= 5@4F>6?E2E:@? E@ C68:DE6C E@ G@E6 F?56C E96 3:==] p a_ab !6H #6D62C49 r6?E6C DFCG6J 7@F?5 23@FE g_T @7 H@>6? :? @AA@D:E6\D6I >2CC:286D :? E96 &]$] E2<6 E96:C 9FD32?5VD =2DE ?2>6]k^Am

kAmkDA2? DEJ=6lQ7@?E\H6:89Ei3@=5Qm}@ 7F?5D 7@C :>A=6>6?E2E:@?k^DA2?mk^Am

kAm}@E23=J[ E96 $p't p4E 5@6D ?@E AC@G:56 2?J >@?6J E@ 96=A DE2E6D 2?5 =@42= 8@G6C?>6?ED :>A=6>6?E E96 492?86D @C AC@>@E6 E96> E@ G@E6CD]k^Am

kAmu@C q@852?[ E92E H2D A2CE @7 E96 AC@3=6> H96? }6H w2>AD9:C6VD AC@@7\@7\4:E:K6?D9:A =2H E@@< 67764E] !6@A=6 H9@ G@E65 6=D6H96C6 :? E96 DE2E6 2C6 ?@E C6BF:C65 E@ D9@H AC@@7 @7 4:E:K6?D9:A :? E96:C ?6H E@H?D :7 A@== H@C<6CD 4@?7:C> E96:C C68:DEC2E:@? 9:DE@CJ[ 3FE q@852? D2:5 H@C<6CD 2E 9:D A@==:?8 A=246 5:5 ?@E D66> E@ <?@H E92E @C ECJ E@ =@@< FA E96 :?7@C>2E:@?]k^Am

kAmw6 6G6?EF2==J H2D 23=6 E@ 42DE 9:D 32==@E 3642FD6[ 3J =F4<[ 96 C646?E=J C6EC:6G65 9:D 3:CE9 46CE:7:42E6 7C@> 9:D A2C6?EDV 9@FD6 >@C6 E92? 2? 9@FC 2H2J D@ 96 4@F=5 2AA=J 7@C 2 #tp{ xs] w6 D2:5 8@G6C?>6?E ?@E:46D E@ G@E6CD H@F=5 96=A AC6G6?E A@DD:3=6 5:D6?7C2?49:D6>6?E]k^Am

kAmQ*@F?8 G@E6CD =:<6 >JD6=7 5@?VE 2=H2JD 42CCJ 2C@F?5 @FC 3:CE9 46CE:7:42E6[ $@4:2= $64FC:EJ 42C5[ 2== E92E :>A@CE2?E DEF77[ 3642FD6 :EVD ?@E FD65 6G6C @C G6CJ @7E6?[Q 96 D2:5] Qp?5 D@ 2== E9@D6 J@F?8 <:5D H9@ 2C6 8@:?8 E@ 8@ @FE 2?5 ECJ 2?5 G@E6 H:== 36 96=5 324< 7C@> E92E]Qk^Am