Timber wars inspired Missoula's environmental movement

kAm|F49 @7 E96 4:EJ 8C6H 7C@> E96 DE2E6’D ?665 7@C =F>36C] $2H>:==D =@42E65 96C6 3642FD6 E96 r=2C< u@C< 2?5 q=24<7@@E C:G6CD[ 2?5 6G6? #2EE=6D?2<6 rC66<[ 4@F=5 7=@2E E96 9F86 EC66D E92E 8C6H 2C@F?5 E96> E@ E96 =@8 J2C5D] %96 F?:G6CD:EJ 8@E :?E@ E96 7@C6DECJ H@C=5 :? `h_g[ EC2:?:?8 C2?86CD 7@C E96 ?2E:@?’D 7:CDE ?2E:@?2= 7@C6DED]k^Am

kAm%96 vC62E qFC? @7 `h`_ 3=24<6?65 b]` >:==:@? 24C6D @7 u@C6DE $6CG:46 #68:@? `[ 9625BF2CE6C65 :? |:DD@F=2] %96 7:C6D 7@4FD65 AF3=:4 2EE6?E:@? 3@E9 @? E96 ?2E:@?’D ?665 7@C =F>36C 2?5 E96 492==6?86 @7 >2?28:?8 :ED AF3=:4 7@C6DED] t2C=J C6D62C49 @? 7:C6 D4:6?46[ D>@<6;F>A6CD[ 2?5 DFDE2:?23=6\J:6=5 92CG6DE:?8 2== 92G6 566A C@@ED :? |:DD@F=2]k^Am

kAm$>@<J E96 q62C E2F89E FD 2== E@ <66A 7:C6 @FE @7 E96 7@C6DE[ 3FE &?:G6CD:EJ @7 |@?E2?2 2?5 #@4<J |@F?E2:? u:C6 $4:6?46 {23 C6D62C496CD 6G6?EF2==J D9@H65 E92E >256 E96 7:C6D H@CD6]k^Am

kAm%96 E:>36C :?5FDECJ HC@E6 E9@FD2?5D @7 A2J4964<D E@ |:DD@F=:2?D >2<:?8 A=JH@@5[ =F>36C 2?5 A2A6C] qFE E96 A@==FE:@? 2?5 64@=@8:42= 52>286 7C@> E9@D6 4@>>@5:E:6D AC@5F465 E96:C @H? 324<=2D9]k^Am

kAm“(6 H6C6 8:G6? E96 36DE A:646 @7 AC@A6CEJ @? E96 A=2?6E[ 2?5 H6 DFC6 >@?<6J65 2C@F?5 H:E9 :E[” D2:5 y:> qFC497:6=5[ H9@ =65 E96 &| r@==686 @7 u@C6DECJ 2?5 r@?D6CG2E:@? 7@C D6G6? J62CD] “}@H H6 92G6 D@>6 4C65:3:=:EJ :DDF6D]”k^Am

kAmqFC497:6=5 2=D@ DA6?E D6G6C2= J62CD 5:C64E:?8 &|VD q@==6 r6?E6C 7@C !6@A=6 2?5 u@C6DED] }2>6D2<6 s62? @7 u@C6DECJ pC?@=5 q@==6 AC@5F465 2 C6A@CE 7@C r@?8C6DD :? `hf_ 56E2:=:?8 9@H E96 u@C6DE $6CG:46 925 =6E E:>36C AC@5F4E:@? @G6CH96=> :ED @E96C 5FE:6D E@ AC@G:56 4=62? H2E6C[ H:=5=:76 923:E2E 2?5 C64C62E:@? @? ?2E:@?2= 7@C6DED]k^Am

kAmqFC497:6=5 C642==65 9:D E:>6 2D 2 AC:G2E6 7@C6DE6C :? E96 `hg_D[ H2E49:?8 E:>36C 4@>A2?:6D 4=62C\4FE (2D9:?8E@?’D $?@BF2=>:6 }2E:@?2= u@C6DE – “924<:?8 @77 ec_ 24C6D 2E 2 4C24<[ 49@AA:?8 5@H? D:=G6C A:?6D 2?5 =6EE:?8 E96 E@AD D?2A @77[ @?=J E2<:?8 E96 3FEE =@8D]” %96 :?5FDECJ 92D F?56C8@?6 2 C25:42= D9:7E 7@C E96 36EE6C[ 96 36=:6G6D]k^Am

kAm“%96 @=5\D49@@= 492C24E6C:K2E:@? @7 E96 ‘E:>36C 362DE’ :D 5625[” qFC497:6=5 D2:5] “~FC >:==D FD65 E@ 92G6 2 AC@3=6> H:E9 E96 64@?@>J @7 D42=6] xE H2D =:<6 ECJ:?8 E@ 7665 E96 6=6A92?E 7C@> E96 324<J2C5 82C56?] }@H E96 E:>36C :?5FDECJ :? |@?E2?2 92D C6E@@=65 :ED6=7 E@ 2 D:K6 :E 42? DFDE2:?]”k^Am

kAmqFE E92E >62?D 42=4F=2E:?8 E96 3FD:?6DD >2E9 @7 >2?28:?8 7@C6DED :? 2 >F49 >@C6 4@>A=6I H2J]k^Am

kAm“~FC G:6H @7 E96 64@?@>:4 G2=F6 @7 7@C6DED :D :?4@>A=6E6[Q qFC497:6=5 D2:5] Q(6 5@?’E G2=F6 64@=@8:42= D6CG:46D =:<6 H:=5=:76 923:E2E[ D46?:4 362FEJ[ C64C62E:@?2= @AA@CEF?:E:6D[ 4=62? H2E6C[ A@==:?2E:@?] (6 86E 2== E92E 7C66 7C@> E96 DJDE6>] %92E =625D FD E@ >2<6 HC@?8 2DDF>AE:@?D E92E E9@D6 E9:?8D 2C6 H@CE9 K6C@[ H96? :? 724E E96J 2C6 H@CE9 2 DA64E24F=2C 2>@F?E]”k^Am

kAmYYYk^Am

kAmkDEC@?8m{@?8\E:>6 |:DD@F=:2?D C6>6>36C E96 5625\5:2A6C D>6==k^DEC@?8m E92E FD65 E@ 7:== E96 G2==6J H96? E96?\w@6C?6C (2=5@C7 r@]’D AF=A >:== 7F>6D 5@>:?2E65 E96 H:?E6C 2:C :?G6CD:@?D] %92E D>6==[ 2?5 E96 C6=2E65 8F?< :? E96 r=2C< u@C< #:G6C[ 5C@G6 2 ?6H >:DD:@? @? E96 &| 42>AFD]k^Am

kAm“|:DD@F=2 >256 %:>6 |282K:?6 :? E6C>D @7 2:C A@==FE:@? :? E96 =2E6 `he_D[” C642==65 C6E:C65 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 |@?E2?2 496>:DECJ AC@76DD@C #@? tC:4<D@?] “x 82G6 >J 7:CDE 6?G:C@?>6?E2= E2=< :? y2?F2CJ `hf_ @? H92E H6 42==65 ‘%96 rC:D:D @7 rC:D6D]’ xE H2D 2 8=@32= AC@3=6>[ :?4=F5:?8 8=@32= H2C>:?8]”k^Am

kAm!C@76DD@CD 7C@> 24C@DD E96 &| 42>AFD 42>6 E@86E96C E@ 4C62E6 2 8C25F2E6 AC@8C2> :? 6?G:C@?>6?E2= DEF5:6D] qJ E96 72== @7 `hf_[ E96 DE2E6 q@2C5 @7 #686?ED 2FE9@C:K65 H92E 3642>6 <?@H? 2D E96 t'$% AC@8C2>] q@E2?:DE r=2?4J v@C5@? =65 E96 492C86[ 2DD:DE65 3J tC:4<D@?[ 3:@=@8:DE {6D !6?86==J[ 64@?@>:DE %@> !@H6C 2?5 3@E2?:DE |6J6C r96DD:?[ 2>@?8 @E96CD]k^Am

kAm~?6 @7 t'$%VD 62C=J AC@;64ED D6?E DEF56?ED :? 3@2ED E@ w@6C?6C (2=5@C7’D 4@@=:?8 A@?5D 2=@?8 E96 r=2C< u@C<] %96J 5:D4@G6C65 E92E 564@>A@D:?8 D=F586 :? E96 A@?5D AC@5F465 E96 9J5C@86? DF=7:56 DE:?<:?8 FA E96 2:C] p6C2E:?8 E96 H2E6C C65F465 E96 2:C A@==FE:@?[ :? H92E tC:4<D@? 42==65 “2 D4:6?46\32D65 DF446DD]”k^Am

kAmy2<6 zC6:=:4< H2D @?6 @7 E96 DEF56?ED H9@ 42>6 E@ E96 t?G:C@?>6?E2= $EF5:6D !C@8C2> :? `hgd] w6 2=D@ ;@:?65 E96 7=658=:?8 t2CE9 u:CDEP >@G6>6?E E92E 925 2 AF3=:D9:?8 @77:46 23@G6 H92E’D ?@H E96 !=@?< (:?6 q2C :? 5@H?E@H? |:DD@F=2]k^Am

kAm“%96C6 H2D 2 =@8 ECF4< @? 6G6CJ 4@C?6C[” zC6:=:4< C642==65] “%96 r92>A:@? DEF5 >:== 5@H?E@H? H2D DE:== 8@:?8] %96 9:89\6?5 AC:G2E6 =2?5D H6C6 DE:== 36:?8 =:BF:52E65] !6@A=6 H6C6 DE2CE:?8 E@ D66 E96 56DECF4E:@? 2?5 E96 4=62C4FED] (6 H6C6?’E 86EE:?8 E96 D96=E6C\36=E H@@5D 2?5 D665\EC66 DE2?5D E96J AC@>:D65]”k^Am

kAmt2CE9 u:CDEP 2?5 C6=2E65 8C@FAD EFC?65 =@88:?8 AC24E:46D :?E@ 2 ?2E:@?2= 5632E6 H:E9 E96:C 5:C64E\24E:@? AC@E6DED =:<6 42>A:?8 2E@A @=5\8C@HE9 EC66D 2?5 492:?:?8 E96>D6=G6D E@ C@25 82E6D] x? `hgh[ 2 >2:=65 E9C62E E@ DA:<6 EC66D @? ?2E:@?2= 7@C6DED 5C6H :?E6?D6 DFCG6:==2?46 7C@> E96 uqx :? |:DD@F=2]k^Am

kAmtC:4<D@?[ zC6:=:4<[ 2?5 D6G6C2= @E96C DEF56?ED 925 E@ DF3>:E 92:C 2?5 7:?86CAC:?E D2>A=6D :? E96 :?G6DE:82E:@?] v@G] $E6G6 qF==@4<’D 4FCC6?E 49:67 @7 DE277[ %C24J $E@?6\|2??:?8[ H2D 2 DEF56?E :? E96 t?G:C@?>6?E2= $EF5:6D AC@8C2> 2E E96 E:>6] $96 E6DE:7:65 :? 4@FCE F?56C 2 8C2?E @7 :>>F?:EJ 282:?DE E96 >2? H9@ H2D 6G6?EF2==J 4@?G:4E65 @7 HC:E:?8 E96 =6EE6C 2?5 DA:<:?8 E96 !@DE ~77:46 rC66< E:>36C D2=6 :? x529@]k^Am

kAm|62?H9:=6[ E96 u@C6DE $6CG:46 H9:AD2H65 36EH66? AC6D:56?E:2= A6?5F=F> DH:?8D] &?56C !C6D:56?E #6282?[ E96 286?4J C6DF>65 3F:=5:?8 C@25D 2?5 @776C:?8 E:>36C 2E ?62C=J 5@F3=6 E96 C2E6 :E @776C65 2E E96 6?5 @7 E96 r2CE6C p5>:?:DEC2E:@?] qFE E96 qFD9 p5>:?:DEC2E:@? C6G6CD65 E92E EC6?5 2D E96 67764ED @7 t?52?86C65 $A64:6D p4E AC@E64E:@?D @? ?@CE96C? DA@EE65 @H= 923:E2E 2=@?8 E96 !24:7:4 r@2DE E@@< 67764E] u656C2= H@@5 DFAA=J 5C@AA65 6G6? 7FCE96C F?56C !C6D:56?E r=:?E@? 2D 9:D u@C6DE $6CG:46 =6256CD 4@?D:56C65 E96 :>A24E @7 C@25D @? E96 =2?5D42A6]k^Am

kAm“x? E96 ‘e_D 2?5 ‘f_D[ H6 H2?E65 E@ AFE C@25D :?E@ E96 7@C6DE[ 2?5 FD:?8 E:>36C H2D 2 H2J E@ 5@ E92E[” D2:5 %@55 |@C82?[ E:>36C 2?2=JDE 7@C E96 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 |@?E2?2’D qFC62F @7 qFD:?6DD 2?5 t4@?@>:4 #6D62C49] “%96 C@25 ?6EH@C< 92D :ED @H? FD6D 36J@?5 86EE:?8 E:>36C] #64C62E:@? FD6 :D 32D65 @? E92E C@25 ?6EH@C<] u:C67:89E:?8 :D DFAA@CE65 3J E96 C@25 ?6EH@C<] %96 H9@=6 :562 H2D E92E E:>36C H2D 86?6C2E:?8 C6G6?F6[ 2?5 E92E A2:5 7@C 2 =@E @7 @E96C E9:?8D] %96J H6C6 23=6 E@ 492C86 =@ED @7 E9:?8D E@ E96 E:>36C C646:AED]Qk^Am

kAmqFE E96 286?4J H2D 2=D@ 3FDE65 7@C FD:?8 E2I 5@==2CD E@ 3F:=5 C@25D E96 E:>36C C646:AED 4@F=5?VE A2J 7@C] p `hhc v6?6C2= p44@F?E:?8 ~77:46 DEF5J 72F=E65 ?2E:@?2= 7@C6DE >2?286CD 7@C 36:?8 Q@G6CH96=>:?8=J 56A6?56?E @? E:>36C D2=6D 7@C 7F?5D[Q 6G6? :? A=246D H96C6 E96 D2=6D H6C6 F?64@?@>:42=] s6A6?5:?8 @? H92E 4@DED H6C6 :?4=F565[ E96 DEF5J 7@F?5 E96 u@C6DE $6CG:46 =@DE 36EH66? Sbe]e >:==:@? 2?5 S``a >:==:@? :? 36=@H\4@DE E:>36C D2=6D :? `hh_] %96 r@?8C6DD:@?2= qF586E ~77:46 D:>:=2C=J 4@?4=F565 E92E @? 2G6C286[ E96 u@C6DE $6CG:46 DA6?E E9C66 E:>6D 2D >F49 2D :E >256 @? E:>36C D2=6D E9C@F89@FE E96 `hg_D]k^Am

kAm%96 u@C6DE $6CG:46 H6?E E9C@F89 EH@ 2EE6>AED 2E Q#@25=6DD pC62 #6G:6H 2?5 tG2=F2E:@?VV E@ 42E2=@8 H92E C@25=6DD A=246D :E 925 =67E] %96 7:?2= G6CD:@? 4@?4=F565 23@FE b_ A6C46?E @7 E96 }2E:@?2= u@C6DE $JDE6> E@E2=:?8 dg]d >:==:@? 24C6D C6>2:?65 AC:DE:?6[ :?4=F5:?8 e]c >:==:@? C@25=6DD 24C6D :? |@?E2?2]k^Am

kAm|@?E2?2 92D ba[___ >:=6D @7 u@C6DE $6CG:46 C@25D[ 3FE 4@?DECF4E:@? @7 ?6H C@25D H2D G:CEF2==J 92=E65 :? a__`]k^Am

kAm“(92E H6’C6 5@:?8 ?@H :D ?@H96C6 =:<6 H92E H6 H6C6 5@:?8 :? E96 ‘f_D[” |@C82? D2:5] “x? E96 6?G:C@?>6?E2= 4@>>F?:EJ[ E96J’C6 7:89E:?8 282:?DE E96 9:DE@CJ @7 E96 u@C6DE $6CG:46 2?5 ?@E H92E’D 8@:?8 @? E@52J] (6’G6 925 c_\A=FD J62CD @7 8C@HE9 2?5 562E9 2?5 492?86 :? E96 7@C6DE]”k^Am

kAmqFC497:6=5 D66D E9C66 >2;@C 724E@CD @? E96 9@C:K@? E92E >FDE 36 255C6DD65]k^Am

kAm“%96 7:CDE :D 4=:>2E6 492?86[ 2?5 E92E EC2:? 92D 2=C625J =67E E96 DE2E:@?[” qFC497:6=5 D2:5] “xE H:== 27764E EC66 8C@HE9[ H:=57:C6[ H2E6C DFAA=:6D 2?5 H:=5=:76 923:E2E]k^Am

kAmQ%96 D64@?5 :D E92E 9@?6J4@>3 @7 C@25D] %96J’C6 E96 G64E@C 7@C :?G2D:G6 DA64:6D[ 7@C :?E6C76C6?46 H:E9 9J5C@=@8:42= A2EE6C?D[ 2?5 H:=5=:76 5:DEFC32?46D] %96 u@C6DE $6CG:46 92D 5@?6 2 C6>2C<23=6 ;@3 C6>@G:?8 C@25D 3FE E96:C 3F586E 92D 366? 924<65 E@ D9C65D]k^Am

kAmQ%92EVD E9:C5i %96J’C6 ?@E 7F?5:?8 7:C6D[ 2?5 E96J 92G6 925 DE2886C:?8 A6CD@??6= =@DD6D]k^Am

kAmQ(6 92G6 E96 C:89E =2HD 2?5 EC2:?:?8 2?5 H:==] (6 ;FDE ?665 E96 H@C<6CD E@ 24EF2==J 5@ :E] (6 ?665 A6@A=6 E@ H@C< :? E96 H@@5D]”k^Am