kAmpD E96 D2J:?8 8@6D[ 9:DE@CJ @7E6? C6A62ED :ED6=7] r@F=5 E92E 2=D@ 9@=5 ECF6 H96? =@@<:?8 2E E96 4FCC6?E DE2E6 @7 E96 4=:>2E6 2?5 H96C6 H6 >2J 36 9625:?8nk^Am
kAm~? E9:D 6A:D@56[ E96 E62> E2=<D H:E9 sC] |:4926= |2??[ E96 5:C64E@C @7 E96 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 !6??DJ=G2?:2 r6?E6C 7@C $4:6?46[ $FDE2:?23:=:EJ[ 2?5 E96 |65:2 2?5 @?6 @7 E96 H@C=5VD =625:?8 6IA6CED @? 4=:>2E6 492?86] %96J 5:D4FDD 9:D ?6H 3@@<[ “~FC uC28:=6 |@>6?E[” E92E 6I2>:?6D t2CE9’D 4=:>2E6 9:DE@CJ] |2?? 6IA=2:?D H9J E96 4=:>2E6 492?86 H6VC6 4FCC6?E=J 6IA6C:6?4:?8 :D F?:BF6[ H9J E96 ?6IE 564256 :D D@ 4C:E:42= E@ @FC 7FEFC6 4=:>2E6[ 2?5 H92E 4@F=5 92AA6? E@ =:76 @? t2CE9 :7 ?@ 24E:@? :D E2<6?]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8mtA:D@56 AC6G:6Hk^DEC@?8mk^Am
People are also reading…
- Friday Five New flights, new homes, pancakes and art
- Cabarrus Sheriff’s Office earns state accreditation after two-year process
- Motown group, Duke of Hazards star highlight Swanee schedule
- Big Elm Ministries, Macy's and Second Harvest team up to help families
- NC House committee supportive of bill to cap local property tax levies
- CHURCH EVENTS: McGill barbecue to feature Jim Avett
- We'll celebrate America's 250 years together
- Cabarrus CrimeStoppers - Call or text a tip anonymously
- Pancake Day is set for Thursday at the Boys & Girls Club
- Friday Five: Raising Cane's and Sheetz coming to Concord
- Former FBI Director Robert Mueller, who investigated Russia-Trump campaign ties, dies
- Duke Endowment awards $3.2 million for Atrium Health's cancer, careers and school programs
- Kanthal celebrates opening of high-tech Concord operation
- Rowan-Cabarrus names its newest Student Ambassadors
- 2026 Run Kannapolis 5K Series begins Saturday
We want to hear from you! Have a question for the meteorologists? Call 609-272-7099 and leave a message. You might hear your question and get an answer on a future episode! You can also email questions or comments to podcasts@lee.net. About the Across the Sky podcast The weekly weather podcast is hosted on a rotation by the Lee Weather team: Matt Holiner of Lee Enterprises' Midwest group in Chicago, Kirsten Lang of the Tulsa World in Oklahoma, Joe Martucci of the Press of Atlantic City, N.J., and Sean Sublette of the Richmond Times-Dispatch in Virginia.
kAmkDEC@?8m(6 H2?E E@ 962C 7C@> J@FPk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmw2G6 2 BF6DE:@? 7@C E96 >6E6@C@=@8:DEDn r2== e_h\afa\f_hh 2?5 =62G6 2 >6DD286] *@F >:89E 962C J@FC BF6DE:@? 2?5 86E 2? 2?DH6C @? 2 7FEFC6 6A:D@56P *@F 42? 2=D@ 6>2:= BF6DE:@?D @C 4@>>6?ED E@ k2 9C67lQ>2:=E@iA@542DEDo=66]?6EQmA@542DEDo=66]?6Ek^2m]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8mp3@FE E96 p4C@DD E96 $<J A@542DEk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm%96 H66<=J H62E96C A@542DE :D 9@DE65 @? 2 C@E2E:@? 3J E96 {66 (62E96C E62>ik^Am
kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?H:E:>6D]4@>^FD6CD^AC@7:=6^>2EETa_9@=:?6C^Qm|2EE w@=:?6Ck^2m @7 {66 t?E6CAC:D6DV |:5H6DE 8C@FA :? r9:428@[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^EF=D2H@C=5]4@>^FD6CD^AC@7:=6^<:CDE6?Ta_=2?8^Qmz:CDE6? {2?8k^2m @7 E96 %F=D2 (@C=5 :? ~<=29@>2[ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^AC6DD@72E=2?E:44:EJ]4@>^FD6CD^AC@7:=6^;>2CEF44:\AC6DD@724^Qmy@6 |2CEF44:k^2m @7 E96 !C6DD @7 pE=2?E:4 r:EJ[ }]y][ 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^C:49>@?5]4@>^FD6CD^AC@7:=6^D62?Ta_DF3=6EE6^n08=l`Y`>7dAD_Y082Y|%4`~%4K}%x_}$cI};"b~%*b}s|cY0820uguu{{'st+Y|%*`|s&`|%x_}$cI~$cI{;ta}%p`}%tJ}%"F}%t]Qm$62? $F3=6EE6k^2m @7 E96 #:49>@?5 %:>6D\s:DA2E49 :? ':C8:?:2]k^Am
k9C ^m
k9C ^m
kAmkDEC@?8mtA:D@56 EC2?D4C:AEk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmk6>m}@E6i %96 7@==@H:?8 EC2?D4C:AE H2D 4C62E65 3J w625=:?6C 2?5 >2J 4@?E2:? >:DDA6==:?8D 2?5 @E96C :?244FC24:6D 2D :E H2D 86?6C2E65 2FE@>2E:42==Jik^6>mk^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i w6==@ @?46 282:?[ 6G6CJ3@5J] xV>[ >6E6@C@=@8:DE $62? $F3=6EE6[ 2?5 H6=4@>6 E@ p4C@DD E96 $<J[ @FC ?2E:@?2= {66 t?E6CAC:D6D H62E96C A@542DE] {66 t?E6CAC:D6D 92D AC:?E 2?5 5:8:E2= @A6C2E:@?D :? >@C6 E92? f_ =@42E:@?D 24C@DD E96 4@F?ECJ[ :?4=F5:?8 :? >J 9@>6 32D6 :? #:49>@?5[ ':C8:?:2] xV> ;@:?65 3J >J 4@==628F6D 7C@> 24C@DD E96 D<J[ |2EE w@=:?6C :? r9:428@[ 2?5 y@6 |2CEF44: 2E E96 y6CD6J $9@C6] z:CDE6? {2?8 :D @FE E9:D H66<] ~FC G6CJ DA64:2= 8F6DE E9:D H66< :D sC] |:4926= |2??[ 5:C64E@C @7 E96 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 !6??DJ=G2?:2 r6?E6C 7@C $4:6?46[ $FDE2:?23:=:EJ[ 2?5 E96 |65:2[ 2?5 E96 !C6D:56?E:2= s:DE:?8F:D965 !C@76DD@C @7 t2CE9 2?5 t?G:C@?>6?E2= $4:6?46] w:D =2E6DE 3@@< 42>6 @FE 2 4@FA=6 @7 H66<D 28@ 42==65 ~FC uC28:=6 |@>6?E] xE 8@6D E9C@F89 t2CE9VD 4=:>2E6 9:DE@CJ E@ :==FDEC2E6 9@H H6 <?@H H92E E96 4FCC6?E H2C>:?8 4=:>2E6 :D H:E9@FE AC64656?E :? t2CE9VD 9:DE@CJ] %96C6 :D D@ >F49 8@@5 DEF77 :? E9:D 3@@<] x 4@F=5 8@ @? 2?5 @?[ 3FE x C62==J =:<6 E96 H2J 96 8@6D :?E@ A2=6@ 4=:>2E6 2?5 96=A:?8 FD F?56CDE2?5 H9J H6 2C6 2E E9:D >@>6?E :? E:>6 2?5 H9J 96 42==D :E ~FC uC28:=6 |@>6?E] p?5 2D 2 BF:4< 2D:56[ :? E96 3@@<[ 96 <:?5 @7 2==F56D E@[ E96 A@=:46[ E96 32?5 %96 !@=:46[ 2?5 E96[ 6IE:?4E:@? @7 E96 5:?@D2FCD 2?5 H2=<:?8 :? J@FC 7@@EDE6AD] $@ E9@D6 @7 FD @7 2 46CE2:? 286 H9@ C6>6>36C E92E 2 8@@5 A2CE @7[ J@F <?@H[ DE:?8 H2D E96 =625 >2? @7 E96 A@=:46[ 2?5[ uC28:=6 H2D 2?@E96C D@?8 E92E $E:?8 HC@E6] $@ E9:D 2== <:?5 @7 E:6D 324< :?E@ >6] w6C6 x 2> D9@H:?8 >J 286] 3FE[ 8FJD[ E9:D :D DF49 2 8C62E 4@?G6CD2E:@?] (92E 5:5 J@F <:?5 @7 E2<6 @FE @7 E9:Dnk^Am
kAmy@6 |2CEF44:i x E9:?<[ J@F <?@H[ 2?5 ;FDE E2<6 2 DE6A 324<] x >62?[ |:<6 |2?? :D[ x H@F=5 D2J[ @?6 @7 E96 A6@A=6 H9@ C62==J AFE 4=:>2E6 D4:6?46 @? E96 >2A E@ E96 86?6C2= AF3=:4] $@ E9:D :D C62==J 2 3:8 :?E6CG:6H E92E H6 92G6 96C6] p?5[ H96? J@FVC6 =:DE6?:?8[ D@>6E:>6D H6VC6 86EE:?8 :?E@ E96 H665D[ D@>6E:>6D :EVD 3:8 A9:=@D@A9:42= BF6DE:@?D] x? 724E[ 2E E96 6?5[ H6 E2=< 23@FE 9:D E9@F89ED @? H96C6 @FC A@D:E:@? 2D E96 9F>2? C246 :D :? E96 F?:G6CD6 ;FDE 3J HC:E:?8 E9:D 3@@<] $@[ :E H2D 2 ?:46 :?E6CG:6H[ 2?5 8@@5 E@ 36 H:E9[ |:<6 96C6]k^Am
kAm|2EE w@=:?6Ci *6D[ E96C6 2C6 76H A6@A=6 E92E 2C6 2 3:886C 6IA6CE @? 4=:>2E6 492?86 E92? |:<6 |2??] p?5 D@[ J629[ H6VC6 9@?@C65 E@ 92G6 9:> @? E96 A@542DE] p?5 H92E x =:<6 :D 9@H 96 E2=<D 23@FE A2=6@ 4=:>2E6[ H9:49 :D D@>6E9:?8 E92EVD DE2CE:?8 E@ 86E 2 =:EE=6 3:E @7 3FKK ?@H] x E9:?< 6G6CJ3@5JVD 2446AE65 E92E[ @<2J[ E96 4=:>2E6 :D 492?8:?8 ?@H[ 3FE 92D?VE :E 492?865 :? E96 A2DEn p?5 96 5@6D 5:G6 :?E@ E92E] *6D[ :E 92D 492?865[ 3FE H92E 96 A@:?ED @FE :D E96 492?86 E92E H6VC6 F?56C8@:?8 C:89E ?@H :D F?:BF6[ 2?5 96]k^Am
kAmy@6 |2CEF44:i !@:?ED @FE H9J E92E :D]k^Am
kAm|2EE w@=:?6Ci p?5 x C62==J =:<65 9:D 5:D4FDD:@? @7 E92E]k^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i *629[ E96C6 :D D@ >F49 8@@5 DEF77] $@ =6EVD 86E C:89E E@ :E 2?5 DE2CE FA H:E9 @FC :?E6CG:6H H:E9 sC] |:4926= |2??] |:<6 |2??[ :E :D D@ 8@@5 E@ 92G6 J@F @? E96 24C@DD E96 D<J A@542DE]k^Am
k9bmsC] |:4926= |2?? HC:E6D 2 ?6H 3@@< 23@FE 4=:>2E6 492?86 42==65 ‘~FC uC28:=6 |@>6?E’k^9bm
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i x H2?E E@ ;F>A C:89E :?E@ E9:D @? E9:D 3@@<[ ~FC uC28:=6 |@>6?E] %9:D :D E96 eE9 3@@<] (92E x =@G65 23@FE E9:D @?6 :D E92E :E 8@6D 2 =@E 566A6C :?E@ F?56CDE2?5:?8 A2=6@ 4=:>2E@=@8J] u@C FD C62= D4:6?46 866<D @FE E96C6[ :E C62==J 86ED :?E@ 56AE9 23@FE 9@H H6 <?@H 9@H H6 8@E E@ E9:D 7C28:=6 >@>6?E] $@ x H2?E65 E@ DE2CE @? E96 3:8 A:4EFC6] (92E >@E:G2E65 J@F E@ HC:E6 E9:D 3@@< ?@Hnk^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i *629] %92?<D[ $62?] xEVD 8C62E E@ 36 H:E9 2== @7 J@F] p== E9C66 @7 J@F <?@H[ :EVD :?E6C6DE:?8[ E9:D :D D@CE @7 H96C6 x 8@E >J DE2CE 2D[ 2 4=:>2E6 D4:6?E:DE[ !2=6@ r=:>2E6[ E96 9@4<6J DE:4< 4FCG6 E92E >J 4@ 2FE9@CD 2?5 x AF3=:D965] :EVD 92C5 E@ 36=:6G6 ?@H[ 3FE :EVD[ EH@ 2?5 2 92=7 564256D 28@[ E92E 8C2A9 3642>6 D@CE @7 E9:D :4@?:4 DJ>3@=[ :? E96 4=:>2E6 492?86 5632E6] p?5 E92EVD C62==J 9@H x D@CE @7 6?E6C65 E96 7C2J] p?5 D@ ?@H[ EH@ 2?5 2 92=7 564256D =2E6C[ x 564:565[ H6==[ =6EVD 5@ 2 566A6C 5:G6[ 3642FD6 E96 9@4<6J DE:4< @?=J H6?E 324< 2 E9@FD2?5 J62CD] %92EVD C62==J D92==@H E:>6[ 2D H6 D2J :? !2=6@ 4=:>2E6] (6VG6 8@E 7@FC A=FD 3:==:@? J62CD @7 t2CE9 9:DE@CJ E@ =@@< 2E 2?5 =6EVD D66 H92E H6 42? =62C? 7C@> :E] p?5 D@ :EVD D@CE @7 2 C6EFC? E@ >J C@@ED[ :? 2 D6?D6] x 925?VE C62==J HC:EE6? 2 3@@< 23@FE A2=6@ 4=:>2E6[ 6G6? E9@F89 :EVD H96C6 x DE2CE65 2D 2 D4:6?E:DE] p?5 E96C6VD 2?@E96C D@CE @7 5C:G:?8 7@C46 96C6 2D H6==[ H9:49[ C6=2E6D E@ >J =2DE 3@@<[ %96 }6H r=:>2E6 (2C[ H9:49 :D 23@FE D@CE @7 E96 492==6?86D H6 7246 ?@H 2D 4=:>2E6 56?:2= 364@>6D 2=>@DE F?E6?23=6[ 3642FD6 H6 42? 2== D@CE @7 D66 E96 :>A24ED @7 4=:>2E6 492?86 A=2J:?8 @FE]k^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i qFE E96C6 2C6 @E96C E24E:4D E92E 325 24E@CD 2C6 FD:?8 E@ D@CE @7 56=2J E96 EC2?D:E:@? @77 7@DD:= 7F6=D] 2?5 @?6 @7 E96>[ :C@?:42==J[ :D 5@@> >@?86C:?8] x7 E96J 42? 4@?G:?46 FD E92E :EVD E@@ =2E6 E@ 5@ 2?JE9:?8 23@FE E96 AC@3=6>[ E96? H9J 3@E96Cn p?5 D@ x H2D D66:?8 !2=6@ r=:>2E6[ D@>6E9:?8 E92E x 9@=5 562C] x H2D D66:?8 A2=6@ 4=:>2E6 D4:6?46] (62A@?:K65] }@H :? E96 D2>6 H2J E92E 4=:>2E6 56?:6CD FD65 E@ H62A@?:K6 >:D:?7@C>2E:@?] x H2D D66:?8 4=:>2E6 5@@>6CD H62A@?:K:?8 >:D:?7@C>2E:@? 23@FE A2=6@ 4=:>2E6 E@ 4@?G:?46 FD :EVD E@@ =2E6[ E92E H6VC6 6IA6C:6?4:?8 CF?2H2J H2C>:?8] (6 2C6 8@:?8 E@ :EVD J6E[ 2?@E96C >2DD[ 6IE:?4E:@? E92E H6VG6 D6E @77 E92EVD F?DE@AA23=6 2?5 H6 H:== 2== 36 8@?6 :? =6DD E92? E6? J62CD] %96C6 H6C6 A=2J6CD @FE E96C6[ D6C:@FD AC@E28@?:DED H9@ 92G6 AC6EEJ =2C86 7@==@H:?8D[ H9@ 92G6 366? DAC625:?8 E92E D@CE @7 >:D:?7@C>2E:@?] $@ x 564:565[ =6EVD C64=2:> A2=6@ 4=:>2E6] {6EVD =@@< 2E H92E E96 D4:6?46 24EF2==J D2JD] p?5 E92E H2D E96 AFCA@D6 @7 E96 3@@< :?:E:2==J[ H2D E@ 255C6DD D@>6 @7 E9@D6 >:D4@?46AE:@?D E92E 92G6 366? FD65 E@ 7665 4=:>2E6 5@@>:D>] qFE :? E96 AC@46DD[ x C62=:K65[ H6==[ ?@[ E96C6VD 2 H9@=6 =@E >@C6 E@ E2=< 23@FE] E96C6 2C6 2== D@CED @7 =6DD@?D :? c 3:==:@? A=FD J62CD @7 t2CE9 9:DE@CJ] {6EVD D66 H92E H6 42? =62C? 7C@> :E 7@C DFC6]k^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i q67@C6 x EFC? :E @G6C E@ E96 @E96C 8FJD 7@C BF6DE:@?D[ x H2?E E@ E2=< 2 =:EE=6 3:E >@C6 23@FE E92E 5@@>:D> 4@?46AE] xEVD :>A@CE2?E E@ H2=< 2 =:?6 36EH66? FC86?4J 2?5 286?4J[ 2D J@F =:<6 E@ E2=< 23@FE[ 3FE 86E 2H2J 7C@> 5@@>:D>] xV5 =:<6 E@ A@:?E @FE x H2D 24EF2==J E2=<:?8 E@ 2 #@E2CJ r=F3 62C=:6C E@52J[ E92E E96C6 92D 366? AC@8C6DD] #:89E] 4=62C=J E96C6 ?665D E@ 36 >@C6[ 3FE x =:<6 E@ A@:?E @FE H6VC6 DE2CE:?8 E@ A92D6 @FE 4@2= 8=@32==J] $@ E96C6 2C6 E9:?8D 8@:?8 9@H 5@ J@F H2=< E92E =:?6 :? E6C>D @7 E9:D :D :>A@CE2?E[ H6 ?665 E@ DE2J @? :E[ D9@H:?8 E92E E96C6VD AC@8C6DD 2?5 ?@E DF44F>3:?8 E@ 5@@>:D> 7@C 7@=<D H9@ 2C6 <:?5 @7 56AC6DD65 23@FE :E]k^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i *629[ ?@[ 23D@=FE6=J] p?5 E96C6VD D@CE @7 EH@ A:646D E@ :E] u:CDE @7 2==[ E96C6 :D ;FDE E96 D4:6?46] {:<6[ 5@6D E96 D4:6?46 D2J E92E H6VG6 EC:886C65 F?DE@AA23=6 H2C>:?8 2?5 ?@E9:?8 H6 5@ E@ C65F46 42C3@? 6>:DD:@?D :D 8@:?8 E@ >2<6 2 5:776C6?46n }@[ :E 5@6D?VE] p?5 x H2?E65 E@ >2<6 E92E G6CJ 4=62C] p?5 ?@[ E96 A2=6@ 4=:>2E6 C64@C5 5@6D?VE DFAA@CE E92E] E96 36DE 2G2:=23=6 D4:6?46[ :? 724E[ E6==D FD ?@H E92E E96 A=2?6E DE@AD H2C>:?8 FA H96? H6 DE@A 255:?8 42C3@? A@==FE:@? E@ E96 2E>@DA96C6] $@ E96C6VD E9:D 5:C64E 2?5 :>>65:2E6 :>A24E[ @? E96 4=:>2E6 @7 @FC 677@CED E@ 24E 96C6] %96C6VD 2?@E96C A:646 E@ :E[ E9@F89[ H9:49 :D D@CE @7 E96C6VD 2?@E96C D@CE @7 4@>A@?6?E E@ 5@:D>:D>[ H9:49 :D =:<6[ H6VC6 ?@E 8@:?8 E@ 86E @FC 24E E@86E96C] p?5 J@F 4@F=5 2C8F6 E92E C6>2:?D E@ 36 D66?[ E92EVD 2E =62DE pC8F23=6[ E96 D4:6?46 5@6D?VE DFAA@CE CF?2H2J H2C>:?8] xE 5@6D?VE DFAA@CE E92E D@CE @7 D:56 @7 5@@>:D>] qFE H:== H6 82C?6C E96 H:== E@ E24<=6 E9:D AC@3=6>n ~?=J E96[ 7FEFC6 H:== E6==] qFE :EVD :?E6C6DE:?8 3642FD6 J@F >6?E:@?65 #@E2CJ r=F3] %96C6 2C6 =@ED @7 C62D@?D 7@C @AE:>:D>] {@ED @7 C62D@?D] %9:?8D E92E H6 42? =@@< 2E[ H96C6 H6 42? D2J H6VC6 >2<:?8 C62= AC@8C6DD[ C@E2C:2?D 92G6 C62==J E2<6? 2 =6256CD9:A C@=6 @? E9:D :DDF6] xVG6 DA@<6? E@ D@>6 #@E2CJ r=F3D[ 8C@FAD :? E96 A2DE[ 2?5 E96 *@FE9 r=:>2E6 >@G6>6?E[ C:89E] x >62?[ ;FDE[ E96C6 :D 2== @7 E9:D 6?6C8J] x D66] <?@H x E6249 2E E96 &?:G6CD:EJ ~7 !6??DJ=G2?:2] r=:>2E6 :D AC@323=J E96 ?F>36C @?6 :DDF6 E@ E96D6 DEF56?ED E@52J[ E@ E96D6 86? K6CD] }@H[ D@>6 @7 E96> 72== G:4E:> E@ 4=:>2E6 2?I:6EJ 2?5 4=:>2E6 5@@>:D>] $@ :EVD C62==J :>A@CE2?E 7@C E96> E@ F?56CDE2?5 E96 286?4J A2CE @7 E92E FC86?4J 2?5 286?4J 5F2=:EJ] qFE J629[ E96 D4:6?46 46CE2:?=J 5@6D?VE DFAA@CE E96 ?@E:@? E92E H6 42?VE 5@ D@>6E9:?8 23@FE E96 4=:>2E6 4C:D:D] p?5 E96 A2=6@ 4=:>2E6 C64@C5 46CE2:?=J 5@6D?VE DFAA@CE E92E 6:E96C]k^Am
kAmy@6 |2CEF44:i w6J[ E9:D :D y@6 2?5 ;FDE H2?E E@ E92?< J@F D@ >F49 7@C 4@>:?8 @? 282:?] (6 C62==J 2AAC64:2E6 :E] p?5 36DE @7 =F4< E@ J@F 2?5 J@FC[ 3@@< 96C6[ ~FC uC28:=6 |@>6?E]k^Am
k9bm|@C6 ;@FC?2=:DED 2C6 C6A@CE:?8 @? 6IEC6>6 H62E96C 6G6?ED =:?<65 E@ 4=:>2E6 492?86k^9bm
kAmy@6 |2CEF44:i |J BF6DE:@? 5@6D A2CE:2==J C6=2E6 E@ H92E J@F D2:5 23@FE 86? K6CD] p?5 D@>6 A6@A=6 5@ 92G6 4=:>2E6 2?I:6EJ] p?5 :7 J@FVC6 J@F?8[ J@FVC6 :>AC6DD:@?23=6 J@FVC6 86EE:?8 4@?E6?E 7C@> 2 G2C:6EJ @7 5:776C6?E D@FC46D[ C:89En |@C6 E92? 6G6C 367@C6[ H96? H6 E2=< 23@FE 6IEC6>6 H62E96C 6G6?ED 2?5 A2C=2J:?8 E9:D :?E@ 4=:>2E6 492?86] #:89E] x 766= =:<6 :? E96 A2DE 7:G6 J62CD[ >2J36 E9C66 J62CD[ H6VG6 D66? 2 =@E @7 E9:D C646?E=J] p?5 x E9:?<[ A6CD@?2==J[ 7C@> >J A6CDA64E:G6[ :EVD 8@@5] xEVD 2=H2JD 2 8@@5 E6249:?8 >@>6?E E@ E2=< 23@FE E96 724ED 2?5 E@ 7@C642DE E96 4=:>2E6 D4:6?46] w@H 5@ J@F 766=[ E9@F89[ 23@FE ;@FC?2=:DED C6A@CE:?8 @? E9:D[ 2D @AA@D65 E@ >6E6@C@=@8:DED H9@ 2C6 6IA6CED :? E96:C 7:6=5n %96C6VD >2?J 8C62E ;@FC?2=:DED 2== 24C@DD E96 4@F?ECJ] (6 <?@H E92E] qFE ;FDE =:<6 x 5@?VE <?@H 6G6CJE9:?8 23@FE >2J36 2DEC@?@>J[ C:89E] y@FC?2=D >2J ?@E 36 4@>A=6E6=J :? DJ?4 H:E9 H92EVD 92AA6?:?8 H:E9 D@>6 @7 E96D6 6G6?ED]k^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i x 5@?VE <?@H :7 J@F 4@F=5 <:?5]k^Am
kAmy@6 |2CEF44:i ~7 8:G6 FD H96C6 J@F 72== @? E9:D 2?5 9@H J@F H@F=5 =:<6 E@ D66 E96D6 6IEC6>6 H62E96C 6G6?ED 36:?8 A2C=2J65 :?E@ 4@G6C286 2D H6 8@ 7@CH2C5]k^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i %92?<D[ y@6] xEVD 2 8C62E BF6DE:@?] p?5[ J@F H6C6 E2=<:?8 23@FE J@F?8 7@=<D[ 2?5[ x FD65 E@ E9:?< @7 >JD6=7 2D 2 J@F?8 A6CD@?[ 2?5 E96? E@52J x C62=:K65 E92E s2G:5 {66 #@E9 :D eh J62CD @=5] x 7:?2==J 7@C465 E@ 2446AE E96 724E E92E x 2> ?@H @=5] qFE J@FVC6 C:89E[ E96C6 :D E9:D[ 6?6C8J 2?5 A2DD:@?[ 2>@?8 J@F?8 7@=<D] p?5 2?@E96C A2CE @7 H92EVD 8@:?8 @? :D H6VC6 D66:?8 E96 :>A24ED @7 4=:>2E6 492?86 ?@H A=2J @FE :? 2 AC@7@F?5 H2J :? E96 7@C> @7 E96D6 6IEC6>6 H62E96C 6G6?ED] p?5 E96C6VD 2=H2JD D@CE @7 E9:D 56=:42E6 32=2?46 :? E96 H2J H6 4@G6C E9@D6 6G6?ED] *@FV== @7E6? 962C A6@A=6 D2J[ H6==[ J@F 42? ?6G6C 3=2>6 2?J @?6[ H62E96C 6G6?E[ @? 4=:>2E6 492?86] 2?5 E96 E9:?<:?8 E96C6 92D 6G@=G65 BF:E6 2 3:E] (6 92G6 56E64E:@? 2?5 2EEC:3FE:@?] (6 42? 492C24E6C:K6 9@H =:<6=J 2? 6G6?E H2D E@ @44FC :? E96 23D6?46 @7 4=:>2E6 492?86 2?5 9@H =:<6=J :E H2D E@ @44FC] (96? H6 4@?D:56C 4=:>2E6 492?86 2?5 H96? H6 D66 E92E E96C6VD 2 9F86 :?4C62D6 H96? 2? 6G6?E :D 2 E9@FD2?5 J62C 6G6?E H:E9@FE 4=:>2E6 492?86[ 2?5 :EVD DF556?=J 2 E6? J62C 6G6?E H96? H6 :?4=F56 4=:>2E6 492?86[ E96? H6 42? D2J[ 96J[ E96 724E E92E H6 D2H E9:D :D AC@323=J 3642FD6 H6VG6 H2C>65 FA E96 A=2?6E 2?5 H6VG6 >256 E96D6 D@CED @7 6G6?ED[ E96D6 6IEC6>6 962E H2G6D[ 962E 5@>6D E92E H6VG6 366? C625:?8 23@FE[ H:=57:C6D 7=@@5D[ DFA6CDE@C>D] $@ E96C6VD E9:D D4:6?E:7:4 >249:?6CJ ?@H E92E 2==@HD FD E@ D@CE @7 492C24E6C:K6 E96 :>A24E E92E 4=:>2E6 492?86 :D 92G:?8 @? E96D6 6G6?ED] qFE J@FVC6 C:89E] (96? J@F 92G6 EC2:?65 >6E6@C@=@8:DED 2?5 4=:>2E6 6IA6CED H9@ 2C6 72>:=:2C H:E9 E92E D4:6?46[ E96JVC6 23=6 E@ D@CE @7 7C2>6 :E E92E H2J] (96? J@F 92G6 ;FDE D@CE @7 D2J[ A@=:E:42= ;@FC?2=:DED[ ;@FC?2=:DED 7C@> @E96C 7:6=5D 4@G6C:?8[ E96 D4:6?46[ :EVD 2 BF2?52CJ] xEVD G6CJ 4@>A=:42E65 3642FD6 E96JVC6 962C:?8 4@?7=:4E:?8 E9:?8D] %96JVC6 962C:?8 E9:D] *@F 42? ?6G6C 3=2>6 2?J @?6 6G6?E @? 4=:>2E6 492?86[ 3FE ?@H E96J <?@H E92E E96C6 :D 2 H2J E@ ECJ E@ 492C24E6C:K6 E96 :>A24E E92E 4=:>2E6 492?86 :D 92G:?8] $@ x E9:?< E96C6VD D@>6 4@?7FD:@? 2>@?8 :? E96 ;@FC?2=:DE:4 4@>>F?:EJ C:89E ?@H] J@F 2=D@ D@>6E:>6D D66 :E @G6CA=2J65[ C:89E[ H96C6[ =:<6[ 6G6CJ 6IEC6>6 6G6?E H2D 42FD65 3J 4=:>2E6 492?86] (6 42?VE D2J E92E :EVD =:<6 2 =@25:?8 @7 E96 5:46] $:I6D 2C6 8@:?8 E@ 4@>6 FA 2?JH2JD] %96 724E E92E E96JVC6 4@>:?8 FA D@ @7E6? :D 3642FD6 H6VG6 =@2565 E9@D6 5:46[ 3J E96 H2C>:?8 @7 E96 A=2?6E] $@ :E :D 2 4@>A=:42E65 E@A:4[ 2?5 :EVD 5:77:4F=E E@ 6G6? EC2:?65 4=:>2E6 2?5 >6E6@C@=@8J[ DA64:2=:DED[ 6G6? 7@C FD[ :E 42? 36 D@CE @7 492==6?8:?8 E@ 6IA=2:? E96 D4:6?46 2?5 9@H H6VC6 23=6 E@ BF2?E:7J E96 :>A24E 4=:>2E6 492?86 :D 92G:?8 @? E96D6 6G6?ED] p?5 E92E >62?D E92E :E @7E6? 86ED G6CJ 4@?7FD65 :? E96 AF3=:4 5:D4@FCD6] p?5 2E E96 D2>6 E:>6[ x H@F=5 D2J E92E H6 2C6 D66:?8 E96 D:8?2= @7 4=:>2E6 492?86 ?@H 6>6C86 7C@> E96 ?@:D6 :? E96 7@C> @7 E96D6 6IEC6>6 H62E96C 6G6?ED] p?5 :EVD 2 =@DE @AA@CEF?:EJ 7@C 46CE2:? :7 H6 5@?VE 6IA=2:? E92E E@ E96 AF3=:4] p?5 D@ x A6CD@?2==J E9:?< E92E E96C6 92D 366? D@CE @7 2 D9:7E E@H2C5D ;@FC?2=:DED :? 86?6C2=[ C64@8?:K:?8 E92E E96C6 :D 2 C6=2E:@?D9:A 2?5 >6?E:@?:?8 E92E H96? E96J E2=< 23@FE E96D6 6G6?ED[ ?@E 2D @7E6? 2D H6 >:89E =:<6 E96> E@ 5@[ 3FE H6 5@ D66 >F49 >@C6 @7 E92E ?@H] r=:>2E6 492?86 :D A2CE @7 E96 4@?G6CD2E:@? 96C6] p?5 E92EVD 2 C62= 82>6 492?86C[ 3642FD6 E92EVD H96C6 E96 CF336C 9:ED E96 C@25] (96? A6@A=6 C62=:K6[ @9[ >2?[ :EVD E96D6 56G2DE2E:?8 7:C6D] x 92G6 2 7C:6?5 H9@ =@DE 2 9@FD6[ @C x 92G6 A6@A=6[ x <?@H H9@ 8@E 7=@@565[ 3J E92E DE@C>] (96? A6@A=6 DE2CE E@ <?@H A6@A=6 H9@ 92G6 366? :>A24E65 @C H9@ 92G6 366? :>A24E65 E96>D6=G6D[ H96? A6@A=6 92G6 E96:C @H? 4=:>2E6 DE@CJ E@ E6==[ :E C62==J 492?86D E96 H9@=6 4@?G6CD2E:@?] p?5 x E9:?< H6VC6 D66:?8 E92E D9:7E]k^Am
kAm|2EE w@=:?6Ci w6J[ |:<6[ :EVD |2EE[ 2?5 x E9:?< J@FVC6 C:89E 23@FE E96 4=:>2E6 492?86 ;FDE 364@>:?8 2 E6C> E92E 6G6CJ@?6 :D 72>:=:2C H:E9 ?@H] qFE x E9:?< E96 E6C> E92E A6@A=6 2C6?VE 2D 72>:=:2C H:E9 E92E]k^Am
kAm|2EE w@=:?6Ci *@F >6?E:@?65 J@FC 3@@< :D !2=6@ 4=:>2E6] $@ H96? J@FVC6 E2=<:?8 23@FE A2=6@ 4=:>2E6[ 9@H 72C 324< 2C6 J@F =@@<:?8 2?5 H92E 2C6 J@F =@@<:?8 2E E@ 56E6C>:?6 H92E E96 4=:>2E6 H2D E9@FD2?5D @C >:==:@?D @7 J62CD 28@nk^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i $@ :EVD 2 >2EE6C @7 A6CDA64E:G6[ C:89En x7 J@F 2D< >J 52F89E6C H92EVD A2=6@ 4=:>2E6 {q~ :D =:<6[ E9@D6 H:?E6CD H96? J@F H6C6 8C@H:?8 FA[ E92EVD A2=6@ 4=:>2E6[ E@ >6[ E9@D6 `hf_D H:?E6CD] D@ :EVD 2=H2JD 2 >2EE6C @7 A6CDA64E:G6] ~?6 A6CD@?VD A2=6@ 4=:>2E6 :D 2?@E96C A6CD@?VD D@CE @7 C646?E[ 4=:>2E6 9:DE@CJ] x 7@4FD65 2 =@E @7 >J 62C=J H@C< @? E96 =2DE E9@FD2?5 J62CD H96C6 H6 4@F=5 AF== E@86E96C 2== D@CED @7 EJA6D @7 :?7@C>2E:@? E@ ECJ E@ C64@?DECF4E :? D@>6 56E2:= 9@H E96 4=:>2E6 925 492?865] 3FE E96C6 2C6 H2JD E@ 8@ >F49 7FCE96C 324<] %96C6 2C6 D65:>6?E 4@C6D] (6 42? =@@< 2E 2?4:6?E[ @IJ86? :D@E@A6D 2?5 C64@?DECF4E H92E @462? E6>A6C2EFC6D H6C6 2?5 H92E[ D62[ =6G6=D H6C6] D@ E96C6VD 2== @7 E9:D H62=E9 @7 :?7@C>2E:@?] p?5 D@ H92E A2=6@ 4=:>2E6 C62==J >62?D[ E649?:42==J[ :EVD 2?JE9:?8 E92E AC652E6D E96 9:DE@C:42= 6C2 @7 E96 =2DE 4@FA=6 @7 46?EFC:6D H96C6 H6 24EF2==J 92G6 E96C>@>6E6C >62DFC6>6?ED @C C2:? 82F86D >62DFC6>6?ED @C H92E 92G6 J@F] p?JE9:?8 72CE96C 324< E92? E92E[ H96C6 H6 92G6 E@ EFC? E@ :?5:C64E >62DFC6D @7 4=:>2E6 =:<6 EC66 C:?8D @C 4@C2=D @C :46 E92E 364@>6D A2=6@ 4=:>2E6] p?5 D@ `___ J62CD E92EVD A2=6@4=:>2E6] qFE 2 >:==:@? J62CD :D A2=6@4=:>2E6 2?5 2 3:==:@? J62CD :D A2=6@4=:>2E6] p?5 E96 DE@C:6D 2C6 D@ 5:776C6?E @? E96D6 5:776C6?E E:>6D42=6D] p?5 E96 AFKK=6D 2C6 2== 5:776C6?E] p?5 6249 @7 E96D6 :?E6CG2=D[ E96C6 2C6 2== @7 E96D6 6G6?ED :? t2CE9VD 4=:>2E6 9:DE@CJ E92E x E2=< 23@FE :? E96 3@@<[ 2?5 H6 42? =62C? D@>6E9:?8 7C@> 6249 @7 E96>] $?@H32== t2CE9] *6D[ E96 t2CE9 H2D @?46 6?E:C6=J 4@G6C65 :? :46 2?5 F?A24<:?8] %92E E6==D FD 2 =@E 23@FE E96 5J?2>:4D @7 E96 4=:>2E6 DJDE6>] E96 72:?E 62C=J DF?] %96 8C62E r2C= $282? C64@8?:K65 E92E E96 t2CE9 D9@F=5 92G6 366? 7C@K6? c 3:==:@? J62CD 28@[ H96? =:76 7:CDE 6>6C865 :? E96 @462?D] p?5 H6 <?@H :E H2D?VE 3642FD6 E96C6 H2D =:BF:5 H2E6C[ E96C6 H2D =:76] p?5 96 C62=:K65 3642FD6 E96 DF? H2D @?=J 23@FE f_T 2D 3C:89E 324< E96?[ E96 t2CE9 D9@F=5 92G6 366? 7C@K6?[ 3FE :E H2D?VE] (92E[ H92EVD E96 6IA=2?2E:@?n w@H 4@>6 E96C6 H2D 2? 6G6? DEC@?86C 8C66?9@FD6 67764En p?5 :E EFC?D @FE E92E[ 86ED FD :?E@ D@CE @7 E96 v2:2 9JA@E96D:D 3642FD6 E96C6VD E9:D C6>2C<23=6 DE@CJ H96C6 2D E96 DF? 8C25F2==J 86ED 3C:89E6C 2?5 E96 t2CE9 D9@F=5 92G6 8@E 9@EE6C 2?5 9@EE6C[ 3FE :E 5:5?VE 3642FD6 E96 8C66?9@FD6 67764E 8@E H62<6C @G6C E:>6] p?5 :? ;FDE DF49 2 H2J E92E E96 A=2?6EVD 4=:>2E6[ H:E9 D@>6 6I46AE:@?D[ =:<6 D?@H32== t2CE9[ DE2J65 H:E9:? 923:E23=6 3@F?5D[ H:E9:? 3@F?5D[ E92E 2C6 923:E23=6 7@C =:76] (9J :D E92En E92EVD 2 C62==J :?E6C6DE:?8 AFKK=6] p?5 :E EFC?D @FE =:76 :ED6=7 A=2JD 2 C@=6 :? DE23:=:K:?8 E96 4=:>2E6[ E96 8=@32= 42C3@? 4J4=6[ E96 @IJ86?2E:@? @7 E96 2E>@DA96C6] %96C6 2C6 2== @7 E96D6 E9:?8D E92E =:76 :ED6=7 5:5 E@ 492?86 E96 4@>A@D:E:@? @7 @FC 2E>@DA96C6 2?5 E@ 492?86 E96 5J?2>:4D @7 E96 A=2?6E] p?5 2>2K:?8=J[ =:76 H@C<D :? DF49 2 H2J 2D E@ 96=A <66A E96 4=:>2E6[ t2CE9VD 4=:>2E6[ 923:E23=6 7@C =:76] p?5 D@ E92EVD 2? :?E6C6DE:?8 AFKK=6] %96C6VD 2 =@E E@ =62C? 7C@> E92E 2D H6==] p?5 E92EVD 2 8@@5 E9:?8[ C:89En %96C6 2C6 DE23:=:K:?8 724E@CD H:E9:? E96 4=:>2E6 DJDE6> E92E 96=AD FD] %96C6 :D 2 46CE2:? 2>@F?E @7 C6D:=:6?46] p?5 E92EVD @?6 @7 E96 2C8F>6?ED 282:?DE 5@@>:D> E92E H6VC6 86EE:?8 D@>6 96=A 7C@> E96 3692G:@C @7 t2CE9VD 4=:>2E6] %96C6VD 2 > D276EJ >2C8:?] %96C6VD 2 >2C8:?[ H96C6 H6 42? A6CEFC3 E96 4=:>2E6[ 2?5 :E H:== DE2J H:E9:? 923:E23=6 3@F?5D] %96 AC@3=6> 2?5 H92E >2<6D E9:D DF49 2 7C28:=6 >@>6?E :D H6VC6 ?@H D@CE @7 2E E96 6586 @7 E92E 6?G6=@A6 @7 DE23:=:EJ] p?5 :7 H6 4@?E:?F6 H:E9 3FD:?6DD 2D FDF2=[ H6 4@?E:?F6 E@ A@==FE6 E96 2E>@DA96C6 H:E9 42C3@? A@==FE:@?[ H6 H:== =62G6 E92E >@>6?E 369:?5] (6[ H:== 56A2CE 7C@> E96 D@CE @7 4=:>2E6 FA@? H9:49 2== @7 E9:D D@4:6E2= :?7C2DECF4EFC6 H2D 3F:=E E@ DFAA@CE ?@H 2 8=@32= A@AF=2E:@? @7 >@C6 E92? g 3:==:@? A6@A=6] p?5 E92EVD E96 C62= E9C62E E@52J]k^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i p== C:89E[ D@ H6VC6 8@:?8 E@ E2<6 2 BF:4< 3C62<] (6V== 4@>6 324< H:E9 2 4@FA=6 >@C6 <6J BF6DE:@?D H:E9 |:4926= |2?? @? E96 24C@DD E96 D<J A@542DE] $E2J H:E9 FD]k^Am
k9bm|:4926= |2?? E2=<D 23@FE E96 496>:DECJ E92E 96=AD FD C64@?DECF4E A2DE 4=:>2E6k^9bm
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i p?5 H6VC6 324< H:E9 sC] |:4926= |2?? @? E96 24C@DD E96 D<J A@542DE] %96 ?6H 3@@< :D @FC 7C28:=6 >@>6?E] xE :D 2 G6CJ 566A 5:G6[ 2D E96J D2J[ :?E@ A2=6@ 4=:>2E@=@8J[ 2?5 H9J E9:D A2CE:4F=2C >@>6?E :? E:>6 :D D@ 4CF4:2= :? E96 4=:>2E6 8@:?8 7@CH2C5] |:<6[ J@FC 6IA6CE:D6[ @3G:@FD=J[ :D :? A2=6@ 4=:>2E6D 2?5 2== E96D6 E9:?8D E92E H6 FD6 86@=@8:42==J E@ C64@?DECF4E 4=:>2E6] p =@E @7 FD 2C6 72>:=:2C H:E9 E96 :46 4@C6D] 2=D@[ E96D6 @IJ86? :D@E@A6D[ E9@D6 7@C E96 H62E96C 7@=<D[ 2C6 ?@E BF:E6 2D 4@>A=:42E65] qFE[ H92E xV5 =:<6 E@ E2=< 23@FE 2 =:EE=6 3:E[ 6IA=2:? D@>6 @7 E96 496>:DECJ E92EVD :?G@=G65[ E92E 96=A FD E6== FD H92E E96 4=:>2E6 H2D =:<6] (96? H6 =@@< 2E @462? D65:>6?E 4@C6D[ E96D6 2C6 E9:?8D E92E 2C6?VE 4=2DD:4 2E>@DA96C:4 AC@I:6D[ C:89En %96D6 2C6 >F49 >@C6 :? E96 C@4<D[ 86@=@8:42= AC@I:6D[ E9@D6 DE2=28>:E6D[ DE2=24E:E6D[ E9@D6 <:?5D @7 E9:?8D] r2? J@F E2=< 23@FE H92E 2C6 H6 5@:?8 H:E9 E96D6 E9:?8D :? E6C>D @7 496>:DECJ E92E E6== FD H92E H6 ?665 E@ <?@Hnk^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i *629[ D@ :EVD 2>2K:?8] %96C6 2C6 E96D6 A2=6@E96C>@>6E6CD[ H6 D@>6E:>6D[ 42== E96>[ 2?5 J@F E9:?< 23@FE :46[ C:89En x46 :D 7C@K6? H2E6C] %92EVD 9 a_] p?5 D@ E96C6VD 2? ~ :? E96C6] %96C6VD @IJ86?[ 2E@>D[ :? E92E :46] p?5 :E EFC?D @FE E92E E96 C2E:@ @7 962GJ E@ =:89E :D@E@A6D @7 @IJ86? E96C6 2C6 EH@ >2:? DE23=6 :D@E@A6D @7 @IJ86? @IJ86? `e 2?5 @IJ86? `g] p?5 E96 C2E:@[ @7 E96> :D 2 7F?4E:@? @7[ E96 E6>A6C2EFC6] p?5 H96? J@F 7@C> AC64:A:E2E:@?[ H96? J@F 4@?56?D6 H2E6C G2A@C :?E@ 2 5C@A=6E[ E96C6 :D H92E H6 42== 7C24E:@?2E:@?[ H96C6 E96 962GJ 2?5 E96 =:89E :D@E@A6D 3692G6 5:776C6?E=J 5FC:?8 E92E AC@46DD] %92EVD ECF6 7@C 6G2A@C2E:@?[ :EVD ECF6 7@C 4@?56?D2E:@?] p?5 D@ :7 J@F E9:?< 23@FE H92EVD 8@:?8 @? 2? :46 4@C6[ J@FVC6 5C:==:?8 5@H? :? E96 :46[ 2?5 E92E :46 8@E E96C6 3642FD6 :E D?@H65 2E D@>6 A@:?E] p?5 E92E D?@H H2D 4@?56?D2E:@? @7 H2E6C G2A@C :? E96 2E>@DA96C6] p?5 E92E H2E6C G2A@C @C:8:?2==J 42>6 7C@> E96 6G2A@C2E:@? 7C@> E96 @462? DFC7246] p?5 D@ 2E 6249 DE286[ H6 92G6 H92EVD 42==65 2 7C24E:@?2E:@?[ H96C6 J@FVC6 86EE:?8 D@>6 D@CE @7 D6A2C2E:@? 36EH66? E96 3692G:@C @7 @IJ86? `e 2?5 @IJ86? `g] %96 3@EE@> =:?6 :D[ 3642FD6 @7 E92E[ H6 42? D2J E9:?8D 23@FE 2?4:6?E D62 =6G6= 7C@> @IJ86? :D@E@A6D :? D65:>6?E 4@C6D] (6 42? D2J D@>6E9:?8 23@FE E6>A6C2EFC6 7C@> @IJ86? :D@E@A6D :? D65:>6?E 4@C6D] (6 42? D2J D@>6E9:?8 23@FE E6>A6C2EFC6 7C@> :46 :? :46 4@C6D @? =2?5] p?5 :E :D?VE ;FDE @IJ86?] (6 42? =@@< 2E 42C3@? :D@E@A6D 3642FD6 E96C6VD 42C3@? EH6=G6 2?5 42C3@? `b[ EH@ 5:776C6?E DE23=6 :D@E@A6D @7 42C3@?] p?5 E92E 2==@HD FD[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ E@ 7:8FC6 @FE[ H92E 92AA6?65 H:E9 42C3@? 5:@I:56[ 2?5 H92E 92AA6?65 H:E9 @462? 24:5:7:42E:@?[ 9@H >F49 r~a E96C6 H2D[ 5:DD@=G65 :? E96 @462?] x? 724E[ :7 J@F C62==J H2?E E@ 86E :?E@ :E[ H6 42? 6DE:>2E6 E96 !w @7 E96 @462? 7C@> @E96C :D@E@A6D[ 3@C@? :D@E@A6D] p?5 xV> ?@E 8@:?8 E@ 86E :?E@ E96 496>:DECJ @7 E92E] qFE E96 3@EE@> =:?6 :D E96C6 2C6 2== @7 E96D6 2>2K:?8 H6 42== E96> AC@IJ 52E2] xEVD 2=>@DE =:<6 ?2EFC6 AC@G:565 FD 2 H2J E@ D@CE @7 D@=G6 E9:D AFKK=6 @7 H92E 92AA6?65 :? 5:DE2?E A2DE] p=>@DE =:<6 H6 H6C6 8:G6?[ 4=F6D] xEVD =:<6[ H6==[ xV> 8@:?8 E@ 8:G6 J@F E96D6 :D@E@A6D[ 2?5 :7 J@FVC6 D>2CE[ 2?5 :7 J@F 7:8FC6 @FE E96 496>:DECJ 2?5 E96 A9JD:4D[ J@F H:== 36 23=6 E@ 7:8FC6 @FE H92E 92AA6?65 E@ D62 =6G6=[ H92E 92AA6?65 E@ @462? E6>A6C2EFC6D[ H92E 92AA6?65 E@ E96 2>@F?E @7 :46[ H92E 92AA6?65 E@ E96 24:5:EJ @7 E96 @462?] p== @7 E96D6 E9:?8D E92E 2C6 G6CJ C6=6G2?E E@ 9@H 42C3@? A@==FE:@? :D :>A24E:?8 @FC 6?G:C@?>6?E E@52J]k^Am
kAm|2EE w@=:?6Ci p?5 |:<6[ x E9:?< H6VG6 C624965 2 A@:?E ?@H H96C6 6G6CJ3@5J 24<?@H=6586D E92E E96 4=:>2E6 :D 492?8:?8] xE E@@< FD 2 =@?8 E:>6 E@ 86E 96C6[ 3FE x E9:?< H6VG6 C624965 E92E A@:?E] qFE H92E A6@A=6 2C6 A@:?E:?8 @FE ?@H :D E92E[ 2D J@FVC6 E2=<:?8 23@FE H:E9 A2=6@ 4=:>2E6[ E96 t2CE9VD 4=:>2E6 92D 492?865 >2?J E:>6D @G6C E96 J62CD[ H2C>:?8 2?5 4@@=:?8] $@ H92E >2<6D E96 4=:>2E6 492?86 E92E H6VC6 6IA6C:6?4:?8 ?@H F?:BF6 4@>A2C65 E@ E96 A2DEnk^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i *629[ :EVD 2 8C62E BF6DE:@?[ 3642FD6 H6 42? 46CE2:?=J 7:?5 E:>6D :? E96 5:DE2?E A2DE H96? 42C3@? 5:@I:56 =6G6=D[ 8C66?9@FD6 82D =6G6=D[ 42C3@? 5:@I:56 36:?8 E96 >2:? D@CE @7 8C66?9@FD6[ 82D E92E G2C:6D @G6C E:>6] %96J H6C6 9:896C E92? E96J 2C6 E@52J[ 2?5 8=@32= E6>A6C2EFC6D H6C6 H2C>6C E92? E96J 2C6 E@52J] sFC:?8 E96 t2C=J rC6E246@FD !6C:@5[ 5:?@D2FCD H6C6 H2?56C:?8 E96 A@=2C C68:@?D @7 E96 A=2?6E] %96C6 H2D ?@ :46 @?[ E96 7246 @7 E96 t2CE9] (6VG6 D66? t2CE9 8@ 7C@> :46 4@G6C65 E@ :46 7C66] $@ H6 <?@H E96C6 2C6 E:>6D H96? :EVD 366? >F49 4@=56C E92? E@52J] p?5 E96C6 2C6 E:>6D H96? :EVD 366? 4@?D:56C23=J H2C>6C E92? E@52J] $@ E96? E96 BF6DE:@? :D[ 2== C:89E[ H6==[ E96? H92E >2<6D 4=:>2E6 492?86 DF49 2 AC@3=6>n q642FD6 6G6? :7 H6 H2C> E96 A=2?6E[ H:E9 42C3@? A@==FE:@?[ H6VC6 ?@E 8@:?8 E@ 86E FA E@ E9@D6 t2C=J rC6E246@FD =6G6=D] (6==[ 24EF2==J[ :7 H6 EC:65 C62==J 92C5[ H6 4@F=5] x7 H6 6IEC24E65 6G6CJ 3:E @7 7@DD:= 7F6=D H6 4@F=5 7:?5[ H6 4@F=5 5@ E92E] (9Jn q642FD6 2== @7 E92E 42C3@? E92E H2D :? E96 2E>@DA96C6 D=@H=J 8@E 56A@D:E65 36?62E9 E96 DFC7246 @7 E96 t2CE9 :? H92E H6 E@52J 42== 7@DD:= 7F6=D[ 2?4:6?E 42C3@?[ @C82?:4 42C3@? E92E 8@E 3FC:65 :? D@:=D @C D96==D E92E 76== E@ E96 3@EE@> @7 E96 @462?] r2C3@? E92E H2D :? E96 2E>@DA96C6[ 8@E 3FC:65 36?62E9 E96 DFC7246 @7 E96 A=2?6E 2?5 42>6 5@H? 7C@> E9@D6 G6CJ 9:89 62C=J rC6E246@FD =6G6=D[ @G6C `__ >:==:@? J62CD] sF6 E@ E9@D6 ?2EFC2= AC@46DD6D[ 42C3@? 5:@I:56 =6G6=D 42>6 5@H?] (6==[ H92E H6VC6 5@:?8 ?@H :D H6VC6 E2<:?8 2== E92E 42C3@? E92E 8@E 3FC:65 @G6C `__ >:==:@? J62CD 36?62E9 E96 DFC7246 2?5 H6VC6 AFEE:?8 :E 324< :?E@ E96 2E>@DA96C6[ 3FE H6VC6 5@:?8 :E 2 >:==:@? E:>6D 72DE6C] (6VC6 E2<:?8 42C3@? E92E H2D 3FC:65 @G6C `__ >:==:@? J62CD 2?5 H6VC6 AFEE:?8 :E 324< FA :? E96 2E>@DA96C6 @G6C `__ J62CD] p?5 D@ x D@>6E:>6D D2J :7 x H2D 8@:?8 E@ HC:E6 2 D=@82? 7@C E9:D[ :E H@F=5 36[ :EVD E96 C2E6[ DEFA:5] (6 2== C6>6>36C[ :EVD E96 64@?@>J[ DEFA:5] x E9:?< H6VC6 @=5 6?@F89 D@>6 @7 FD 2C6 @=5 6?@F89 E@ C6>6>36C E92E H2D D@CE @7 2 A@=:E:42= D@CE @7 =@8@] (6==[ :EVD E96 C2E6[ DEFA:5] (9:49 :D E@ D2J :EVD ?@E D@ >F49 9@H H2C> E96 A=2?6E :D @C[ H92E E96 r~a =6G6=D 2C6] xEVD H92E 4=:>2E6 2C6 J@F 252AE65 E@ 2?5 9@H C2A:5=J 2C6 J@F >@G:?8 2H2J 7C@> E92E 4=:>2E6] q642FD6 H6 92G6 56G6=@A65 E9:D >2DD:G6 D@4:6E2= :?7C2DECF4EFC6 @G6C 2 e___ J62C A6C:@5] r:G:=:K2E:@?[ x E2=< 23@FE D@CE @7 E96 @C:8:?D @7 4:G:=:K2E:@? :? |6D@A@E2>:2[ e___ J62CD H2D E96 7:CDE ECF6 4:G:=:K2E:@?] p?5 :E EFC?D @FE 8=@32= E6>A6C2EFC6D H6C6 C6>2C<23=J DE23=6 7@C D:I[ D6G6?[ g___ J62CD 5FC:?8 H9:49 H6 56G6=@A65 2== @7 E9:D :?7C2DECF4EFC6 E92E DFAA@CED 6:89E A=FD 3:==:@? A6@A=6] p?5 H6 2C6 56A6?56?E @? E96 DE23:=:EJ @7 E92E 4=:>2E6 2?5 :ED 23:=:EJ E@ 4@?E:?F6 E@ DFAA@CE E92E :?7C2DECF4EFC6 H9:49 H6VG6 4C62E65] p?5 :7 H6VC6 C2A:5=J 492?8:?8 E96 4=:>2E6 2?5 >@G:?8 @FE @7 E92E H:?5@H @7 G2C:23:=:EJ 5FC:?8 H9:49 H6 4C62E65 4:G:=:K2E:@?[ E92EVD 2 C62= E9C62E] x7 E96 H2C>:?8 6I4665D @FC 252AE:G6 42A24:EJ 2?5 :E 6I4665D E96 252AE:G6 42A24:EJ @7 @E96C =:G:?8 E9:?8D[ =:76 92D =62C?65 E@ 252AE E@[ 4=:>2E6 492?86D E92E E2<6 A=246 @G6C E6?D @7 >:==:@?D @7 J62CD] %92EVD AC6EEJ 62DJ] p52AE:?8 E@ 4=:>2E6 492?86D @7 D:>:=2C >28?:EF56 E92E E2<6 A=246 @G6C E6?D @7 J62CD[ E92EVD >F49 >@C6 5:77:4F=E] p?5 282:?[ H92E >2<6D :E D@ 7C28:=6[ DF49 2 7C28:=6 >@>6?E 7@C FD :D E92E H6 92G6 =6G6C2865 E96 ?F>36C @7 A6@A=6 H9@ 42? =:G6 @? E9:D A=2?6E[ H92E H6 42== E96 42CCJ:?8 42A24:EJ @7 E96 A=2?6E] (6VG6 AC@323=J =6G6C2865 :E 3J 2 724E@C @7 E6?] %9C@F89 @FC E649?@=@8J[ E9C@F89 @FC :?7C2DECF4EFC6] (6 42? DFAA@CE 6:89E A=FD 3:==:@? A6@A=6 3642FD6 H6 92G6 2== @7 E9:D :?7C2DECF4EFC6[ 28C:4F=EFC2= :?7C2DECF4EFC6[ 6?8:?66C:?8] qFE :EVD 7C28:=6[ C:89En q642FD6 :7 E96 A=2?6E H2C>D 5C2>2E:42==J 2?5 E92E :?7C2DECF4EFC6 ?@ =@?86C C6>2:?D G:23=6[ E96? H6 42? ?@ =@?86C DFAA@CE E92E 6=6G2E65 42CCJ:?8 42A24:EJ] %96? H6 C6G6CE E@ E96 ?2EFC2= 42CCJ:?8 42A24:EJ @7 E96 A=2?6E[ H9:49 :D >2J36 2 3:==:@? A6@A=6] p?5 J@F E9:?< 23@FE E92E] %96 A=2?6E H:E9@FE @FC :?7C2DECF4EFC6[ H:E9@FE @FC E649?@=@8J[ AC@323=J 42?VE DFAA@CE >@C6 E92? 2 3:==:@? A6@A=6] (6VG6 8@E >@C6 E92? g 3:==:@? A6@A=6] %92EVD H9J H6 42?VE 277@C5 E@ 56DE23:=:K6 E96 :?7C2DECF4EFC6 E92E DFAA@CED 9F>2? 4:G:=:K2E:@? E@52J] p?5 E92EVD H92E 5C2>2E:4 H2C>:?8[ E92EVD H92E F?>:E:82E65 4=:>2E6 492?86 H:== 5@]k^Am
k9bmw@H 5@6D DEF5J:?8 !2=6@ 4=:>2E@=@8J >2<6 J@F D66 @FC A=246 :? E96 F?:G6CD6nk^9bm
kAmy@6 |2CEF44:i y@9? D2:5[ x 925 E96 =2DE BF6DE:@? 96C6[ D@ xV== HC2A FA H:E9 E9:D] 9@H 5@6D DEF5J:?8 !2=6@ 4=:>2E@=@8J 2?5 >2J36 6G6? HC:E:?8 E9:D 3@@< >2<6 J@F D66 @FC DA246 @C @FC C246 2D 9F>2?D :? E9:D F?:G6CD6n q642FD6 2 =@E @7 H92E J@FVC6 E2=<:?8 23@FE[ J@F D2:5 uC28:=6 #:89ED[ E96 ?2>6 @7 E96 3@@<] w@H 5@ J@F D66 @FC A=246 :? E96 F?:G6CD6[ 8:G6? H92E J@FVG6 DEF5:65 @G6C E96 564256nk^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i %92?<D] xEVD 2 8C62E BF6DE:@?] 2?5 :EVD D@>6E9:?8 x 86E :?E@ 2 =:EE=6 3:E] w2G6 D@>6 7F?] pE @?6 A@:?E[ H6 5@ D@>6 E9@F89E 6IA6C:>6?ED] $@>6 E9@F89E 6IA6C:>6?ED[ =:<6[ H92E :7 :? @?6 @7 E96 492AE6CD[ H9:49 :D @?[ 2? 6A:D@56 @7 C2A:5 H2C>:?8[ 2?5 3J C2A:5 H2C>:?8[ H6 >62?[ =:<6[ @G6C `_[___ @C a_[___ J62CD C2A:5 @? 86@=@8:42= E:>6D42=6D] }@E9:?8 =:<6 H92E H6VC6 5@:?8 E@52J] qFE E96C6 H2D E9:D A6C:@5 @7 C6=2E:G6=J C2A:5 H2C>:?8[ 23@FE de >:==:@? J62CD 28@] (6 42== :E E96 !t%|] $E2?5D 7@C E96 !2=6@46?6 6@46?6 E96C>2= >2I:>F>] xE ;FDE C@==D C:89E @77 E96 E@?8F6] p?5 :E H2D E9:D A6C:@5 5FC:?8 H9:49 E96C6 H2D 2 >2DD:G6 :?;64E:@? @7 42C3@? 5:@I:56 :?E@ E96 DJDE6>] ~3G:@FD=J[ E96C6 H6C6?VE $&'D[ 2?5 E96C6 H6C6?VE 4@2= 7:C65 A@H6C A=2?ED] %9:D H2D 2 ?2EFC2= :?AFE @7 G@=42?:D> E9C@F89 F?FDF2==J :?E6?D6 G@=42?:4 6CFAE:@?D[ 46?E6C65 :? x46=2?5[ E92E E2AA65 :?E@ 2 G6CJ 42C3@? C:49 C6D6CG@:C 2?5 AFE 2 G6CJ =2C86 2>@F?E @7 42C3@? 5:@I:56 :?E@ E96 2E>@DA96C6 @G6C 2 C6=2E:G6=J D9@CE A6C:@5 @7 E:>6] p?5 D@ :E EFC?D @FE E92E J@F 42? 2D< E96 BF6DE:@?[ 42? H6 CF=6 @FE E96 A@DD:3:=:EJ E92E E96C6 H2D 2? :?E6==:86?E 4:G:=:K2E:@? 324< E96? E92E H6?E @? E9:D >2DD:G6 7@DD:= 7F6= 3FC?:?8 DAC66 2?5 32D:42==J 6IE:?8F:D965 E96>D6=G6Dn p?5 >J 8@@5 7C:6?5 v2G:? $49>:5E[ H9@VD E96 5:C64E@C @7 E96 }p$p v@552C5 x?DE:EFE6 7@C $A246 $EF5:6D[ 92D HC:EE6? 2 A2A6C 2?5 92D HC:EE6? D@>6 A@AF=2C[ 6DD2JD 23@FE E9:D :562 3642FD6 @7 E96 $:=FC:2? 9JA@E96D:D] 2?5 :EVD 32D:42==J :>28:?6 =:K2C5 A6@A=6 H9@ 6I:DE65 de >:==:@?] w@H 42? H6 CF=6 @FE E92E E92EVD H92E 92AA6?65n p?5 x 8C6H FA H2E49:?8 E96 =2?5 @7 E96 =@DE] p?5[ v2G:?[ 2C@F?5 E96 D2>6 E:>6 96 H2D :? qC:E2:?[ 2?5 x E9:?< :E H2D sC H9@ 925 2 D:>:=2C E92EVD H96C6 E96 $:=FC:2? E96C6 H6C6[ =:<6[ E96D6 C6AE:=6 36:?8D[ E92E 32D:42==J 56DEC@J65 E96:C 6?G:C@?>6?E] p?5 D@ :EVD 2 C62==J :?E6C6DE:?8 BF6DE:@?] r2? H6 CF=6 E92E @FEn p?5 :? E96 AC@46DD @7 ECJ:?8 E@ CF=6 E92E @FE[ :E 24EF2==J C2:D6D D@>6 C62==J :?E6C6DE:?8 BF6DE:@?D 23@FE[ H92E 2C6 E96 4@?5:E:@?D 7@C =:76n s@ :?E6==:86?E 4:G:=:K2E:@?D 6IE:?8F:D9 E96>D6=G6D ?2EFC2==Jn E9:D :D D@>6E:>6D 42==65 E96 u6C>: A2C25@I] :E H2D D@>6E9:?8 E92E r2C= $282? E9@F89E 23@FE :7 E96 F?:G6CD6 :D E66>:?8] (:E9 =:76n w@H 4@>6 H6VC6 ?@E 962C:?8 7C@> E96>n w@H 4@>6 H6VC6 ?@E 86EE:?8 C25:@ D:8?2=Dn p?5 :E EFC?D @FE J@F 42? =@@< 2E 2== @7 E96 5:776C6?E 9@H >2?J A=2?6E2CJ DJDE6>D 2C6 E96C6 :? E96 F?:G6CD6n *@F 42? D@CE @7 ECJ E@ 5@ E96 >2E9 2?5 7:8FC6 @FE 9@H >2?J :?E6==:86?E 4:G:=:K2E:@?D J@F >:89E 6IA64E E96C6 E@ 36 :? E96 F?:G6CD6 32D65 @? G2C:@FD 2DDF>AE:@?D] p?5 :E EFC?D @FE E96 567:?:?8 AC@3=6>[ 2== E96 F?46CE2:?EJ 4@>6D 5@H? E@ H96? :?E6==:86?E 4:G:=:K2E:@?D 6>6C86[ 9@H =@?8 5@ E96J A6CD:DE 7@Cn s@ E96J 6IE:?8F:D9 E96>D6=G6Dn p?5 E92E H@F=5 36 @?6 6IA=2?2E:@? @7 u6C>:VD A2C25@I] ~3G:@FD=J[ :EVD G6CJ A6CD@?2= E@ FD] (6 5@?VE H2?E E@ E9:?< E92E[ H6 2C6 @? @FC @H? H2J E@ D6=7 42FD65 6IE:?4E:@?] $@ E96C6VD D@>6 566A BF6DE:@?D E96C6] (96? J@F =@@< 2E !2=6@ r=:>2E6 2?5 J@F =@@< 2E D@>6 @7 E96D6 A2DE 6A:D@56D[ J@F 42? DE2CE E@ 2D< D@>6 =2C86C BF6DE:@?D E92E E2A :?E@ E96D6 566A6C A9:=@D@A9:42= BF6DE:@?D 23@FE @FC A=246 :? E96 F?:G6CD6] :D E96C6 =:76 6=D6H96C6 :? E96 F?:G6CD6n %96 E9:?<:?8 E92E J@F 8@ E9C@F89 EFC?D @FE E@ 36 G6CJ C6=6G2?E E@ E96 E9:?<:?8 E92E J@F ?665 E@ 8@ E9C@F89 7@C[ z?@H] p?5 E96 AF?49=:?6 :D[ p52>] xV> 8@:?8 E@ 5C2H 2 3=2?< @? 9:D[ D@[ 96VD 2 H6== <?@H? 2DEC@A9JD:4:DE[ 2?5 HC:E6D 23@FE E96 D62C49 7@C 6IEC2E6CC6DEC:2= =:76] p52> 2?5 xV> 5C2H:?8 2 3=2?< @? 9:D =2DE ?2>6[ H9:49 :D G6CJ 6>32CC2DD:?8] xV>[ DFC6 96V== H2E49 E9:D 2?5 36 G6CJ FAD6E 2E >6] 3FE[ 96 24EF2==J 42>6 E@ v2G:? 3642FD6 96 H2D :?E6C6DE65 :? E96 D62C49 7@C 6IEC2E6CC6DEC:2= =:76 2?5 2D<:?8 D@>6 BF6DE:@?D 23@FE 4=:>2E6 492?86 2?5 4=:>2E6 492?86 @? @E96C A=2?6ED] 2?5 4@F=5 E92E 6IA=2:? H9J H6VC6 ?@E 962C:?8 7C@> @E96C 4:G:=:K2E:@?Dn q642FD6 E96J 42FD6 4=:>2E6 492?86 2?5 E96J 6IE:?8F:D9 E96>D6=G6D] p?5[ p52> uC2?< :D 9:D ?2>6[ 2?5 96VD 2 H6== <?@H? D@CE @7[ D4:6?46 4@>>F?:42E@C[ 2DEC@A9JD:4D D62C49 7@C 6IEC2E6CC6DEC:2=[ D@CE @7 4@?E:?F:?8 E96 =6824J @7 r2C= $282? 2?5 E96 !=2?6E2CJ $@4:6EJ 2?5 E96 D@CED @7 BF6DE:@?D E92E E96J H6C6 2D<:?8] $@ 96 42>6 E@ v2G:?[ H9@VD 2 4=:>2E6 >@56=6C[ 2?5 <?@H[ x H2?E E@ H@C< @?[ <?@H[ 7:8FC:?8 @FE :7 4=:>2E6 492?86 4@F=5 92G6 366? H92E 42FD65 E96D6 @E96C A@E6?E:2= 4:G:=:K2E:@?D 6=D6H96C6 :? E96 F?:G6CD6 E@ 6IE:?8F:D9 E96>D6=G6D] p?5 E96? v2G:? D2JD[ 9@H 5@ H6 <?@H E92E E92E 5:5?VE 92AA6? @? t2CE9n p?5 E96J 8@ E9C@F89 E9:D 2>2K:?8 D@CE @7 E9@F89E 6IA6C:>6?E[ 2?5 :E EFC?D @FE :EVD 92C5 2E 7:CDE 3=FD9 E@ CF=6 @FE E92E E92EVD H92E 92AA6?65] u@C 6I2>A=6[ E96 !t%|] xE E2<6D BF:E6 2 3:E @7 H@C< E@ 4@?G:?46 J@FCD6=7 E92E :E 4@F=5?VE 92G6 366? 2?4:6?E =:K2C5 A6@A=6 E92E 3FC?65[ 7@DD:= 7F6=D] 2?5 D@[ J629[ D@ E96C6VD 2 =@E J@F 42? =62C? 7C@> H92E 2C6 D66>:?8=J D:==J E9@F89E 6IA6C:>6?ED E92E 24EF2==J DE2CE E@ 86E 2E D@>6 AC6EEJ 566A BF6DE:@?D 23@FE FD 2?5 @FC A=246 :? E96 F?:G6CD6]k^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i (6 <?@H ?@E 2== BF6DE:@?D 2C6 D:==J] (92E A=2E6 E64E@?:4D 92D @?=J 366? 2C@F?5 7@C 23@FE `__ J62CD @C D@] p?5 6G6CJ3@5J <:?5 @7 E9@F89E[ H6==[ E92E H2D D:==J 2E E96 E:>6]k^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i |:<6[ H6VC6 8@:?8 E@ DE:4<6CD DE@A A=2E6 E64E@?:4D 3F>A6C DE:4<6CD]k^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i *629[ H6VC6 8@:?8 E@ =6E J@F 8@] qFE[ 282:?[ E96 3@@< :D @FC 7C28:=6 >@>6?E] $@4:2= >65:2 :D 2 >6DD ?@H252JD[ 3FE H96C6VD E96 36DE A=246 A6@A=6 42? 7:?5 J@F 5:8:E2==J 2?5 @?=:?6nk^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i (6==[ E96J 42? DE:== 7:?5 >6 @?[ H92E 2C6 H6 42==:?8 :E E9:D 52Jn )] E92EVD H92E :EVD 42==65 E9:D H66<] qFE[ xVG6 D@CE @7 5:G6CD:7:65] *@F 42? 7:?5 >6 AC6EEJ >F49 @? 2== @7 E96 >2;@C D@4:2= >65:2 A=2E7@C>D ?@H] xV> DE:== @? %H:EE6C] )[ 2?5[ x?DE28C2> 2?5 >2DE@5@? 2?5 q=F6[ D<J[ 2?5 xV> 7@C86EE:?8 E9C625D] xEVD =:<6[ ?@H H6VG6 8@E E@ 36 D@ 5:G6CD:7:65 3642FD6 H6VC6 ?@ =@?86C 4@?7:56?E H6 42? C6=J @? E96 @?6 E92E H6 H6C6 2== C6=J:?8 @? 7@C D@ =@?8] qFE[ J629[ xV> @FE E96C6 2?5 A6@A=6 42? 7:?5 >6 2E (( |:4926=>2? }6E] $@[ J629[ :E H2D 8C62E E2=<:?8 H:E9 J@F 8FJD 2?5 x[ 9@A6 E@ 5@ D@ 282:?]k^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i |:<6[ 2AAC64:2E6 :E D@ >F49] %2<6 42C6] EC2G6= D276=J] v@@5 =F4< AC@>@E:?8 E96 3@@<] 2?5 :EVD 8C62E] x >62?[ xVG6 C625 :E] xEVD ;FDE H@?56C7F=] p?5 2=D@[ x H:== D2J E9:D AF3=:4=J] %92?<D 7@C E96 =:EE=6 D9@FE @FE 2E E96 324<[ >J 7C:6?5]k^Am
kAmsC] |:4926= |2??i %92?< J@F[ >J 7C:6?5] xE H2D 8C62E E2=<:?8 H:E9 J@F 8FJD]k^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i %9@D6 2C6 D@>6 G6CJ 566A 2?DH6CD[ 8FJD] H96C6 :D @FC A=246 :? E96 F?:G6CD6 2?5 E9:D 4@?46AE @7 =:K2C5 A6@A=6 7C@> d_ ~s >:==:@? J62CD 28@] 2?5 E96 E9:?8D J@F H:== 8@ 5@H? E96 C@25 J@F H:== 8@ 5@H? H96? J@F DE2CE 5@:?8 E96D6 E9@F89E 6IA6C:>6?ED] qFE 7@C >6[ E96 :>A@CE2?46 96C6[ x E9:?< H92E |:<6 D2:5 :D E96 A246 @7 E96 H2C>:?8 :D H:E9@FE AC64656?E] (92E H6VC6 5@:?8 :D 92AA6?:?8 D@ 72DE[ :E :D 8@:?8 E@ 36 5:77:4F=E E@ 252AE] $@>6 E9:?8D 2C6 8@:?8 E@ 252AE >@C6 62D:=J E92? @E96CD] p?5 E92EVD H9J E9:D >@>6?E :? E:>6 :D D@ A2CE:4F=2C] *629[ :EVD 366? H2C>6C :? E96 A2DE[ 3FE @FC 4:G:=:K2E:@?[ H9:49 :D :?4C62D:?8=J 8=@32= @G6C E96D6 =2DE a___[ b___ J62CD :? A2CE:4F=2C[ =2DE 4@FA=6 @7 9F?5C65 J62CD[ H96C6 E96 A@AF=2E:@? 92D ;FDE 3=@DD@>65[ C62==J <:?5 @7 56A6?56?E @? E96 4=:>2E6 E92E H6 92G6 @FE E96C6 ?@H] vFJD[ H92E 5@ J@F E9:?<n y@6[ H92E 5:5 J@F <:?5 @7 E2<6 2H2J 7C@>nk^Am
kAmy@6 |2CEF44:i (6==[ J@F <?@H[ 2?JE:>6 H6 E2=< 23@FE @FC A=246 :? E96 C62==J[ x 5@?VE <?@H[ ;FDE C62==J 7@4FD65 @? E96 E@A:4 3642FD6 :E 5@6D >2<6 J@F E9:?< 23@FE :? D@>6 H2JD[ 9@H D>2== H6 2C6 C6=2E:G6 E@ 6G6CJE9:?8] p?5 ?@E ;FDE 6G6? A=2?6E t2CE9 2?5 E96 DA64 @7 E96 F?:G6CD6[ 3FE 2=D@ 9F>2? =:76 :? E96 DA2? @7 E96 t2CE9VD =@?8[ =@?8 9:DE@CJ] p?5 =:<6 96 2=D@ D2:5 2 76H >:?FE6D 367@C6 E92E BF6DE:@?[ :EVD E96 C2E6 @7 492?86 @7 E96 H2C>:?8 E92EVD F?:BF6] x D2J E9:D 2 =@E @7 E:>6D H96? x 5@ AF3=:4 E2=<D] x D2:5[ =:DE6?[ J629[ H6VG6 366? H2C>6C E92? H6VG6 366? 367@C6[ H6VG6 366? 4@=56C E92? H6VG6 366? 367@C6] qFE 32CC:?8 =:<6 2? 2DE6C@:5 @C D@>6 42E24=JD>:4 6G6?E[ E9:D :D E96 @?=J E:>6 H6VC6 C62==J 492?8:?8 2E DF49 2 C2E6] 2?5 E96C6VD 724ED 2?5 7@C642DED[ 2?5 E96? E96C6VD H92E E@ 5@ @C ?@E E@ 5@ 23@FE :E] p?5 E92EVD H96C6 J@FC 36=:67D 4@>6 :?] qFE E96C6VD ?@ 56?J:?8 E92E E96 C2E6 @7 492?86[ 2 =@E @7 E9:D :D D:8?:7:42?E 2?5 D@>6E9:?8 H6 92G6?VE D66? C62==J :? E96 D4@A6 @7 9F>2? 9:DE@CJ] p?5 36J@?5 E92E[ E96 t2CE9VD 9:DE@CJ[ 282:?[ >:?FD E96 62C=J >:==:@?D[ 3:==:@?[ EH@ @C 7@FC J62CD[ H96? E96 t2CE9 H2D C62==J ECJ:?8 E@ ;FDE 86E :ED6=7 E@86E96C[ 7@C =24< @7 2 36EE6C H@C5] p?5 :? D@>6 @7 E96D6 2DE6C@:5 @C DFA6CG@=42?@ 6G6?ED[ :E 92AA6?65 2D H6==]k^Am
kAm|2EE w@=:?6Ci x H@F=5 D2J E9:D H2D 2 9F>3=:?8 4@?G6CD2E:@?[ 3642FD6 2=D@ 2E E96 6?5[ H96? 96 H2D E2=<:?8 23@FE H9J 92G6?VE H6 6?4@F?E6C65 @E96C :?E6==:86?E =:76n p?5 E96? E96 4@>>6?E E92E DE@@5 @FE E@ >6 :D =:<6[ >2J36 :E 92D 6I:DE65[ 3FE 3642FD6 @7 E96:C 24E:@?D[ C6DF=E65 :? E96:C @H? 6IE:?4E:@?[ 2?5 2C6 H6 962565 5@H? E92E A2E9n p?5 :D E92E H9J H6 92G6?VE 6?4@F?E6C65 :?E6==:86?E =:76n p?5 E96?[ E96 @E96C 4@>>6?E E92E 96 >256 :D H96? 96 H2D E2=<:?8 23@FE 42CCJ:?8 42A24:EJ[ 2?5 ?@H E96 t2CE9 92D 2 A@AF=2E:@? @7 g 3:==:@?] qFE J@F E2<6 @FE @FC E649?@=@8J[ 2?5 H92E H6 4@F=5 D66 :7 H6 4@?E:?F6 @? E9:D A2E9[ :7 E96 4=:>2E6 4@?E:?F6D] %@ E96 C2E6 E96 492?86 E92E :EVD]k^Am
kAm|2EE w@=:?6Ci tIA6C:6?4:?8 ?@H[ E92E 42CCJ:?8 42A24:EJ 4@F=5 5C@A E@ 2 3:==:@?] p?5 E96? J@F E9:?<[ J@F E9:?< 23@FE 8@:?8 7C@> 2 A@AF=2E:@? @7 g 3:==:@? A6@A=6 E@ ` 3:==:@?[ f 3:==:@? A6@A=6 5:D2AA62C:?8] %92E >2<6D E96 92:C DE2?5 J@FC[ 2C>D 2?5 E@ E9:?< 23@FE 4@F=5 H6 C6DF=E :? @FC @H? 6IE:?4E:@? 3J @FC 24E:@?Dn p?5 H96? J@F 962C E92E[ J@F H2?E E@ D2J[ =6EVD ?@E >2<6 E92E >:DE2<6[ =6EVD 5@ D@>6E9:?8 23@FE E9:D] q642FD6 282:?[ E96 @E96C 4@>>6?E H2D :EVD E96 C2E6 DEFA:5n p?5 96 E2=<D 23@FE[ J6D[ 4=:>2E6 92D 492?865 :? E96 A2DE] p?5 E92EVD H92E D@>6 A6@A=6 <66A 4@>:?8 @FE] xEVD =:<6[ H6==[ H92EVD E96 3:8 562= :7 E96 4=:>2E6 92D 492?865 E96 A2DEn (6VC6 ;FDE 8@:?8 E9C@F89 2?@E96C 4J4=6[ 3FE :EVD ?6G6C 492?865 2E E9:D A246 2?5]k^Am
kAmy@6 |2CEF44:i (6 42?VE <66A FA]k^Am
kAm|2EE w@=:?6Ci w6 2=D@ E2=<65 23@FE E96 A=2?6E 92D E2<6? 42C6 @7 :ED6=7] (96? E96 DF? 3642>6 DEC@?86C[ E96 8C66?9@FD6 67764E 564C62D65] p?5 D@ E96C6 92D 366? E92E E96 t2CE9 92D 2== E96D6 AC@E64E:@?D :? A=246 E@ <:?5 @7 <66A E96 4=:>2E6 :? 32=2?46] qFE H6VC6 3C62<:?8 E92E] (6VC6 3C62<:?8 E96D6 ?2EFC2= AC@E64E:@?D] %92EVD H9J 96 42==D :E @FC 7C28:=6 >@>6?E] q642FD6 :7 H6 4@?E:?F6 2E E9:D A246[ E96 t2CE9 :D?VE 8@:?8 E@ 36 23=6 E@ 962= :ED6=7] p?5 D@ H6 92G6 E@ E2<6 24E:@? E@ >2<6 DFC6 H6 5@?VE =@D6 f 3:==:@? A6@A=6] $@[ 282:?[ H6 5@?VE H2?E E@ E2=< 23@FE E96 5@@>:D>] $@ :EVD 2 7:?6 32=2?46[ E9@F89[ 3642FD6 H6 23D@=FE6=J 92G6 E@ E2<6 24E:@?[ 3FE <?@H E92E H6 42? E2<6 24E:@?] %9:D :D ?@E 9@A6=6DD] (6 DE:== 92G6 E:>6 E@ 7:I E9:D] !C@3=6>[ D@ =6EVD 86E @? :E]k^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i *629[ 2D 96 D2JD[ E96C6 :D FC86?4J[ 3FE E96C6 :D 2=D@ 286?4J] $@ x E9:?< E92E E92EVD E96 BF@E6 E92E x =:<6 7C@> 9:>[ >@DE @7 2==] $@ 2D H6 =@@< E@ D@>6 @E96C 6A:D@56D 4@>:?8 5@H? E96 A:<6[ 2 =:EE=6 3:E =6DD 9625J] 4@>:?8 FA ?6IE H66<[ H6VG6 8@E !2F= y2>6D @7 wv%'] (6VC6 8@:?8 E@ =@@< 2E E96 D4:6?46 @7 492?8:?8 =62G6D] (6 2C6 E9:4< :?E@[ E96 72== C:89E ?@H[ E96 =62G6D 492?8:?8 7C@> ?@CE9 E@ D@FE9 24C@DD E96 4@F?ECJ[ 2?5 H6VC6 2=D@ H@C<:?8 :? E96 324<8C@F?5 E@ 3C:?8 J@F 2 3C@256C H:?E6C 7@C642DE] (6VC6 DE:== EFC?:?8 2 4@FA=6 @7 <?@3D @? E92E[ 3FE H6VC6 H@C<:?8 @? E92E] xV== 36 E2=<:?8 E@ }6:= 568C2DD6 %JD@? :? 2 76H H66<D] (6V== 3C:?8 E92E E@ E96 A@542DE] 2=D@ xVG6 E2=<65 E@ 2 4@FA=6 @7 4@==628F6D[ E96 7:7E9 ?2E:@?2= 4=:>2E6 2DD6DD>6?ED 4@>:?8 @FE[ 2?5 H6VC6 8@:?8 E@ D2J[ H6==[ H92E 5@6D E92E >62? 2?5 H9J D9@F=5 H6 42C6n (6V== 2?DH6C E9@D6 BF6DE:@?D] H6VG6 8@E @?6 >@C6[ y@6] J@FVG6 8@E D@>63@5J 4@>:?8 :? 7C@> ~9:@ $E2E6[ C:89Enk^Am
kAmy@6 |2CEF44:i *629[ H6 5@] %92EVD 4@>:?8 FA :? 2 4@FA=6 @7 H66<D] %92EVD 7@C J@FC[ }@G6>36C e 6A:D@56] (6VC6 DA62<:?8 H:E9 sC] {2HC6?46 $FE96C=2?5[ 2?5 :EVD E:AD AC6A2C6 @=56C =@G65 @?6D :? 42D6 @7 ?2EFC2= 5:D2DE6CD @C 6IEC6>6 H62E96C] xVG6 4@G6C65 E9:D E@A:4 2[ ?F>36C @7 E:>6D 7@C E96 AC6DD @7 pE=2?E:4 r:EJ[ H96C6 xV> 32D65 @FE @7 D9@FE @FE E@ 6G6CJ3@5J =:DE6?:?8 y6CD6J[ 3FE E2=<:?8 23@FE[ D@>6 @7 E96 492==6?86D @FC D6?:@C 4:E:K6?D 2C6 92G:?8 H96? E96C6 2C6 E96D6 <:?5 @7 6IEC6>6 H62E96C 6G6?ED] D@ E92E D9@F=5 36 C62==J 8@@5] xV> =@@<:?8 7@CH2C5 E@ E92E @?6[ E@@] p?5 E92E @?6 4@>6D @FE @? }@G6>36C]k^Am
kAm$62? $F3=6EE6i $@ H6 92G6 8@E 2 =@E @7 8@@5 DEF77 :? E96 A:A6=:?6 :? E96 H66<D 29625[ 3FE 7@C ?@H[ H6VC6 8@:?8 E@ 4=@D6 FA D9@A] $@ 7@C y@6 |2CEF44: 2E E96 y6CD6J $9@C6] |2EE w@==?6C :? r9:428@=2?5] xV> >6E6@C@=@8:DE $62? $F3=6EK 2E E96 #:49>@?5 %:>6D 5:DA2E49] (6V== E2=< H:E9 J@F ?6IE E:>6] %92?<D 7@C =:DE6?:?8 E@ E96 24C@DD E96 D<J A@542DE]k^Am
